From: Subject: Blair, News of the Profession Date: Wed, 24 Nov 2004 13:34:25 -0800 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0000_01C4D22A.50A163B0"; type="multipart/alternative" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1441 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_0000_01C4D22A.50A163B0 Content-Type: image/gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/Isis/journal/Isis-toc-button_2.gif R0lGODlhvgCQAPcAALWvr7WurrSvr7Sur7SurrSurbStrbOurrOtrUIfEDkaDjYZCzkaDUclE0Ig Ez4eEDwcDzYZDTkaDzgaDzEWCkIiETgaCzYaEDweEzkcEDweET4gEy4VCzYaDjkcDzweED4gEUsq GE4tGjUaEDoeEjYaDTkcDjweEDQaDjUaDzgcEDIZDTIYCz4gEEMkEzUaDjgcDzkdEDwfEUAiEzUc ETgeEzkeETwgEzkgFTwhFDUaDVU1ITkcDTUcEDgeETgdEDkeEDwgEUkrGTwhEz4jFEImFjIZC3FS PTYbDTkdDjwfEEAiEUUmFEcoFTkgEzYcDl0+KjIaDjUcDzgeEDkfETogEXdcSXxhTo10Y4dtW2ND LTggE0gtHEsvHU4yH7ausXRZRp2Lf2ZJNZmFeJN9blc5JpeBc5B5aYpxXzUfEjEbDzohEjIaDWBF 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Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis = Prize
Joseph H. Hazen Education = Prize
History of Women in Science = Prize
Pfizer Prize
Derek Price/Rod Webster = Prize
Henry and Ida Schuman Prize
Sarton = Medal
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Isis, 2004, = 95:263-269
Copyright ©=20 2004 by The History of Science Society. All rights=20 reserved.
0021-1753/2004/9502-0005$10.00

NEWS OF THE=20 PROFESSION

2003 HSS Prize = Citations=20

Ann Blair=20
Department of = History=20
Harvard University=20
Cambridge, Massachusetts = 02138

WATSON DAVIS AND HELEN MILES DAVIS=20 PRIZE

     The Watson Davis and Helen = Miles=20 Davis Prize is awarded each year by the History = of=20 Science Society "to the author of a book = useful in=20 undergraduate teaching or which promotes public=20 understanding of the history of science." This = year's=20 committee3D~{!*~}=20consisting of Judith R. Goodstein, chair, Larry = Owens,=20 and Nathan M. Brooks3D~{!*~}=20is honored to announce the award of the = 2003=20 Watson Davis and Helen Miles Davis Prize to = Ken=20 Alder, for The Measure of All Things: The Seven-Year Odyssey and = Hidden Error=20 That Transformed the World, published by the Free=20 Press.

     Alder's new book is an = extraordinary=20 geodetic soap opera that deftly combines gripping=20 narrative, a vivid sense of place and local = culture, and=20 a very human exploration of the meaning, moral=20 significance, and profound personal costs = associated with=20 the Enlightenment's embrace of measurement, = precision,=20 and rational standards.

     Set against the backdrop of = the=20 French Revolution, The Measure of All Things tells = the=20 epic story of two intrepid astronomers, = Jean-Baptiste-Joseph=20 Delambre and Pierre-François-Andr~{(&~} M~{(&~}chain, = who set out in=20 opposite directions from Paris in June 1792 to=20 measure the size of the Earth. They carried = with=20 them official papers, an ingenious scientific instrument3D~{!*~}=20Borda's repeating circle3D~{!*~}=20for measuring angles, and the cherished dream = of=20 France's preeminent scientific thinkers that a uniform = set=20 of weights and measures would give rise to a = universal=20 language of measures among all nations. The = decision=20 to base this new system of measures on the=20 fundamental unit of length known as the meter = led=20 the French Academy's Commission of Weights and = Measures to=20 abandon the idea of deriving that measure from the = length of a pendulum with a one-second period.=20 Instead, the commission decided to base the meter=20 upon another unit of length3D~{!*~}=20one ten-millionth part of a quarter of = the=20 Earth's meridian. In the end, only one portion = of=20 one meridian anywhere on the globe would do: = namely,=20 the arc of the meridian that extends from Dunkirk = through=20 Paris to Barcelona.

     A spellbinding storyteller, = Alder=20 not only retraced on a bicycle the route traveled = by=20 Delambre and M~{(&~}chain; he also mined the = archives of=20 the Observatory of Paris, where he unearthed a=20 200-year-old secret3D~{!*~}=20and a tale of guilt and conspiracy = worthy of a=20 Shakespearean drama. As Alder muses: "This is a = tale=20 of error and its meaning: how people strive = for=20 utopian perfection3D~{!*~}=20in their works and in their lives3D~{!*~}=20and how they come to terms with the = inevitable=20 shortcomings. What does it feel like to make a = mistake,=20 and in a matter of such importance? Yet even = in=20 failure, Delambre and M~{(&~}chain succeeded, for by = their=20 labor they rewrote not only our knowledge of the = shape=20 of the earth, but our knowledge of error as=20 well. In the process, scientific error was = transformed=20 from a moral failing into a social problem, = forever=20 altering what it meant to be a practicing = scientist."=20

     One can forgive the "New and = Noteworthy Paperbacks" column of the New York = Times=20 Book Review for mistakenly referring to Ken Alder's = book=20 as a novel. It's hard to imagine a more=20 well-deserved compliment.

JOSEPH H. HAZEN EDUCATION = PRIZE

     The Joseph H. Hazen = Education=20 Prize is awarded in recognition of outstanding=20 contributions to the teaching of history of = science.=20 Education activities recognized by the award are = to be=20 construed in the broadest sense and should include = but not be limited to the following: classroom=20 teaching (K3D–=2012, undergraduate, graduate, or extended = education),=20 mentoring of young scholars, museum work, = journalism,=20 organization and administration of educational programs,=20 influential writing, educational research, innovation = in=20 the methodology of instruction, preparation of = pedagogical=20 materials, or public outreach through nonprint = media.=20

     This year's Hazen Prize = Committee=20 consisted of Lisa Rosner, Liba Taub, and me; = many=20 thanks to my fellow committee members for their = work=20 this year.

     It gives me great pleasure = to=20 announce that this year's winner of the Joseph = H.=20 Hazen Education Prize is Paul Farber.

     Paul has been at Oregon = State=20 University since 1970, where he has served in = many=20 capacities: Chair of the General Science Department, = Chair=20 of the History Department, and director of the = Humanities=20 Development Program. Since 1993 he has held the = title=20 of Distinguished Professor of the History of = Science.=20

     Paul has held even more=20 positions on more committees and in more = capacities=20 in the History of Science Society. Most relevant = to=20 the Hazen award are his service to the = Committee for=20 Undergraduate Education and his four years as = Editor of=20 the Education Column in the HSS Newsletter.=20

     Clearly all of these = official=20 functions occupied many hours of Paul's time over = many=20 years, but those hours seem few in comparison = to=20 those he has lavished on teaching students, = graduates=20 and undergraduates of all stripes, both at his = own=20 institution and beyond. Students in his classes = remark=20 uniformly on Paul's dedication to teaching, on the = clarity=20 of his presentations, and on his wit. Of special = note=20 is his outreach to students in the sciences = and=20 engineering disciplines. While many of us complain = about=20 the naïve view of science espoused by = scientists, Paul has=20 done something about it, by giving literally = thousands=20 of students working toward careers in science and=20 engineering a broad and nuanced vision of what=20 science is all about, its dynamic character, and = the=20 central role of human activity in shaping and=20 developing it as a historical process. One sign = of=20 his dedication and innovation was his work as = second=20 author on a groundbreaking textbook of biology3D~{!*~}=20entitled Biology: The Network of Life3D~{!*~}and I should mention that not only did = he write=20 large sections of the text, he also taught in = the biology classes using it.

     Beginning students in the = humanities=20 as well have benefited from Paul's authorship3D~{!*~}=20most notably in his Finding Order in Nature: = The=20 Naturalist Tradition from Linnaeus to E. O. Wilson3D~{!*~}=20the first title in a series of = introductory=20 texts in the history of science published by = Johns=20 Hopkins University Press.

     And I would be extremely = remiss=20 if I did not mention Paul's singular success = and=20 devotion as a mentor to graduate students in the = history=20 of the biological sciences. His graduate students, = now=20 populating positions far and wide and at every = level=20 in our profession, attest to the excellence of=20 Paul's mentorship, which combines high scholarly = standards=20 with sincere warmth of friendship extending long = beyond=20 graduation, good humor, and close attention to = their=20 professional formation.

     Throughout his academic career, = Paul=20 has been an intellectual force, a devoted mentor, = and a=20 bridge between the sciences and the humanities, = two=20 hemispheres of the academic world that are perhaps = too easily and too dismissively thought of as = "two=20 cultures." Our discipline itself should be the = mediator=20 between these areas, but it takes the arduous = and=20 dedicated work of scholars, teachers, and mentors = like=20 Paul Farber to realize this potential of our = discipline.=20 For his long-term dedication and innovations to = the=20 education of students of all kinds and at all = levels,=20 the History of Science Society is proud to = award the=20 2003 Hazen Prize to Paul Farber.

HISTORY OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE = PRIZE

     The History of Women in = Science Prize for 2003 goes to Ellen S. = More, for=20 her book Restoring the Balance: Women Physicians and the=20 Profession of Medicine, 18503D–=201995, published by Harvard University Press in = 1999. More is Professor of History of Medicine = and=20 Medical Humanities at the University of Texas = Medical=20 Branch at Galveston. The committee chose this fine = synthesis from a long list of worthy nominations = for=20 this prize. We consider the book to be an = important=20 addition to the body of literature on the = history=20 of American women physicians, including the previous = work=20 of Regina Morantz-Sanchez, Mary Roth Walsh, Judith=20 Leavitt, and Thomas Neville Bonner

     Restoring the Balance = is an=20 attempt to look at the decisions women made to = become=20 physicians and the course of their careers in=20 historical context. These contexts include the social = and=20 cultural fabric of family life and expectations, = the=20 institutional and legal fields through which they = were=20 obliged to maneuver, and the voluntary and = associational=20 life that sometimes helped, sometimes hindered, their=20 achievements. The evolution of women's experience = in the=20 medical profession is told through a number of=20 skillfully rendered biographies of women = physiciansboth white and black3D~{!*~}=20and through the history of a number of=20 important women's medical organizations, the most=20 important of which was the American Medical = Women's=20 Association. These histories are narrated in the = context=20 of successive developments that have shaped women's=20 medical experience and options: the first stage of = sex- and race-segregated education and training, = "maternalist"=20 medicine in the Progressive Era, women's efforts = to=20 gain entry to hospital practice, the opportunities = of=20 war and the frustrations of peace, and the = recent=20 coming to terms with the new women's movement = and=20 legal equality.

     The "balance" that figures = in=20 the book's title refers to the one constant = that=20 has figured throughout the history of women in=20 medicine (or science, or any of the other=20 professions). The dilemma of professional women has = been=20 often rendered as a conflict between family and=20 profession, one of which must inevitably suffer in = the "real" world of time, money, and cultural = norms.=20 More shows that women more typically tried to = "balance"=20 these twin commitments, sometimes, as in the case = of=20 the pioneering physician, Sarah Dolly, quite = consciously,=20 in other instances less so, but always in a = way=20 that made the navigation of an acceptable course = of=20 action literally constitutive of what it meant to = be a=20 woman physician, not either/or, but a more = holistic=20 blend of personal and professional life that also=20 engaged women more deeply in social and community=20 life than many male physicians. More's book shows = how=20 women doctors made this balance work in different=20 historical eras. More performs this delicate task = with=20 great balance of her own, carefully weighing in = each=20 era and in each of her physicians the dynamics of=20 personal ambition and institutional resistance and = the=20 temptations of maternal love and dedication to=20 patients.

     More's book is firmly = grounded in=20 the relevant published sociological and historical = materials, but she also makes excellent use of the = archives of women's organizations where members = discussed=20 their future prospects and of interviews with the=20 surviving movers and shakers of post3D–=20World War II medicine, when women = finally began a=20 last push toward a near-parity of medical school=20 graduation rates. More ends her story in an=20 affirmative mode. The future of medicine, she = hopes=20 and contends, lies less with the masculine models = of=20 productivity and market-driven solutions than with a=20 growing acknowledgment in the medical community = that=20 notions of leadership, professional success, and = medical=20 practice have been engaged in by women throughout = their=20 history in medicine.

PFIZER PRIZE

     On behalf of the committee, = which=20 consisted of Crosbie Smith, Lisbet Rausing, and = Frederick=20 Gregory, I am pleased to announce the winner of = the=20 Pfizer Prize for 2003. Our selection is The Man Who=20 Flattened the Earth: Maupertuis and the Sciences in the = Enlightenment,=20 by Mary Terrall of the University of California = at=20 Los Angeles. It is published by the University of = Chicago=20 Press.

     Far more than a = biography=20 of Pierre-Louis Moraeau de Maupertuis, this volume = takes=20 the reader on a fascinating and engaging tour = of=20 eighteenth-century science and society, using as the=20 occasion the achievements, triumphs, defeats, scandals, = loves,=20 and above all the ambitions of its central = character.=20 The social status Maupertuis inherited from his = father,=20 a highly successful marine merchant and privateer = who=20 was ennobled when Pierre-Louis was ten, did not = rest=20 comfortably on the son. Never certain about who he = was,=20 Maupertuis was also ambiguous about much in his = life,=20 including his abilities as a mathematician and = natural=20 philosopher. He wrote frequently from the presumed = safety=20 of anonymity or of a pseudonym, always testing = the=20 waters of opinion. Terrall explores the increasingly=20 important role of "the public" on whose judgments = so=20 much appeared to ride. And within this context she = skillfully follows Maupertuis's attempts, largely = successful,=20 as he drew on his considerable charm to = enlist his=20 friends on his behalf and to manipulate the system = in=20 order to enhance his social status and to = promote=20 himself in the institutional structure of learned=20 societies.

     Muapertuis's rise as a man = of=20 natural science and philosophy could not have been = possible, of course, had he not possessed = extraordinary=20 abilities. They took him into challenging = investigations=20 of many sorts, and Terrall takes them all head on. = Maupertuis's deferential attitude toward Johann = Bernoulli=20 in Basel, his tutor in mathematics, would seem to = mark=20 him as one inclined to his mentor's Cartesian = natural=20 philosophy. Yet we learn in detail the precise=20 extent to which Maupertuis was among those = responsible=20 for introducing, indeed promoting, the Newtonian = philosophy=20 in France in the 1730s and 1740s.

     Maupertuis is known to = students of=20 history of science primarily for his role in=20 determining the shape of the earth. Readers find = in=20 this highly readable volume a complete account of=20 Maupertuis's involvement in this fascinating episode, = which=20 exposes both his command of technical challenges = and=20 the darker side of his ambition. Maupertuis = promoted=20 himself as the man who flattened the earth, = but=20 the clash with the Cassini family about the = shape of=20 the globe did not exhaust his scientific = achievement. Yet=20 whatever Maupertuis touched appeared to elicit=20 controversy, from the articulation of his beloved=20 principle of least action to his original and=20 creative treatment of organic molecules and heredity,=20 tinged as it was with the ghosts of both=20 Leibniz and Spinoza.

     Terrall conveys masterfully = how this=20 man, who wanted desperately to belong, chose a = course=20 that made him the preeminent outsider. His tenure = as=20 president of the Berlin Academy of Science pleased = neither=20 the Germans nor the French, yet in some ways = it=20 expressed well his fundamental ambiguity as a man = in=20 search of an identity.

     Terrall's study is based on = an=20 exhaustive scrutiny of European archives. She has = left no=20 stone unturned in her pursuit of the primary = and=20 secondary materials that shed light on Maupertuis's = life=20 and work and on his public and private = sociability=20 during an important formative period of = eighteenth-century=20 science. For her impressive achievement we stand = deeply=20 in her debt. It is in that spirit that the = committee=20 is proud to award the 2003 Pfizer Prize to = Mary=20 Terrall.

DEREK PRICE/ROD WEBSTER = PRIZE

     Presented by Jon M. Harkness = at=20 the Annual Meeting of the History of Science = Society,=20 22 November 2003:

     On behalf of my fellow=20 committee members, Emily Thompson and Judy = Grabiner, I=20 am pleased to announce that we have chosen to = award the 2003 Derek Price/Rod Webster Prize for = the=20 best article published in Isis during the = past=20 three years to Peter Neushul and Zuoyue Wang for = their=20 coauthored piece "Between the Devil and the Deep = Sea:=20 C. K. Tseng, Mariculture, and the Politics of=20 Science in Modern China," which appeared in the=20 March 2000 issue of our journal.

     Biography has, at best, a = mixed=20 reputation among professional historians. However, = Neushul=20 and Wang demonstrate that the genre can be an = especially=20 effective means for achieving the combination of = narrative=20 drama, historical importance, and historiographic=20 sophistication that characterizes our finest work. They = also have been astute in their choice of = biographical=20 subject: to follow C. K. Tseng's life is to = watch a=20 scientist traverse the twisting3D~{!*~}=20sometimes treacherous3D~{!*~}=20trail of twentieth-century Chinese history.=20 During the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s,=20 for instance, we see Red Guards imprison and = torture=20 Tseng as a "reactionary academic authority." Then, = we=20 watch as Tseng is forced to serve for a time = as=20 a janitor at the Institute of Oceanology he = had=20 previously directed for two decades. The essay = also serves=20 as a seminal contribution to the history of marine = biology by focusing on a true pioneer in the=20 discipline. For example, Tseng was among the first = scientists in the world to carry out underwater=20 research, using hard-hat diving equipment during the = early=20 1940s while a visiting researcher at the Scripps=20 Institution of Oceanography in San Diego. Tseng = had=20 come to the United States in 1940 to do = doctoral=20 work at the University of Michigan; when he = completed=20 his degree in the spring of 1942, wartime = travel=20 restrictions would delay his return home for = several=20 years. Tseng's scientific sojourn in the States = provides=20 Neushul and Wang with an opportunity for a = deft=20 analysis of the relationship between Chinese and = American=20 science3D~{!*~}and scientists3D~{!*~}=20during the twentieth century. Tseng placed=20 particular emphasis in his work on integrating = basic=20 and applied research, with grand aspirations for = feeding=20 millions through what he called "agriculture in = the=20 sea." Neushul and Wang adroitly explore the vast3D~{!*~}=20and still largely untapped3D~{!*~}=20practical potential of ocean farming. Along = the=20 way, they provide useful insights on the interplay = between=20 science and technology. And the authors offer = important=20 commentary on, as they put it, "the social = construction=20 of science within the Maoist totalitarian regime," = comparing the Chinese experience with science as = practiced=20 in the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. They = argue3D~{!*~}=20convincingly3D~{!*~}=20that "science and technology can be = socially=20 constructed, but only to a certain degree."

     Neushul and Wang have = fashioned=20 their article from a copious supply of telling=20 details gathered from numerous interviews (including = two=20 with Tseng himself) and far-flung archives. And = their=20 footnotes are a model of the form: they = carefully=20 describe their primary sources, they clearly explicate=20 relevant secondary literature, they give = occasional=20 primers for readers who might be shaky on the = basics=20 of Chinese history (in one note, for instance, = they=20 provide the essentials of the Boxer Rebellion in=20 four quick sentences), and they offer a few=20 entertaining asides (in another note, we learn = that=20 Peter Neushul's father, as a Scripps grad student = in=20 the 1950s, read Tseng's work as translated from = Russian by=20 Peter's grandfather, a Russian immigrant). Neushul = and=20 Wang's prose goes beyond clarity to achieve = elegance and=20 eloquence. And, finally, the illustrations they = have found=20 to accompany the piece are actually = illustrative3D~{!*~}=20and visually alluring.

     We are, indeed, proud = to=20 present the Derek Price/Rod Webster Prize to Peter = Neushul and Zuoyue Wang for their article "Between = the Devil and the Deep Sea: C. K. Tseng,=20 Mariculture, and the Politics of Science in Modern = China,"=20 from the March 2000 issue of Isis.=20

HENRY AND IDA SCHUMAN = PRIZE

     The Henry and Ida Schuman = Prize is=20 awarded this year to Avner Ben-Zaken of UCLA = for=20 his essay "Hebraist Motives, Pythagorean Itineraries, = and=20 the Galilean Agenda of Naples: On the Margins = of=20 Text and Context."

     Ben-Zaken's essay begins = with a=20 text3D~{!*~}a rather curious one3D~{!*~}=20an account of the Tychonic system = translated into=20 Persian by a young Italian scholar. Della Valle, = who=20 was on a nine-year journey in the Near East,=20 had been sent by a patron to collect ancient = books=20 and manuscripts. His travels took him to Istanbul, = Egypt,=20 Babylon, Persia, and finally India, following in = the=20 footsteps of an ancient predecessor, Pythagoras. = Della=20 Valle began his journey in 1612 and was probably=20 instructed along the way, Ben-Zaken argues, to = search=20 for one particular manuscript above all3D~{!*~}=20the original Hebrew version of the book of = Job.=20 But why was this text so important? Ben-Zaken's = answer=20 brings us back to Italy and to a group of=20 radical Neapolitan Galileans. Della Valle's quest for = the=20 lost book of Job, Ben-Zaken suggests, had a = very=20 specific purpose in reconciling Scripture with the=20 Pythagorean cosmology. Thus, to understand the fuller=20 context of the struggle over Copernicanism we find = that we must look east, to the lure of = the lost=20 wisdom of the ancients.

     Avner Ben-Zaken's essay = links=20 together an impressive variety of texts and people = from=20 various religious, cultural, and linguistic traditions. = He=20 skillfully and imaginatively moves back and forth = from=20 text to context to shed light on the world of = early=20 seventeenth-century natural philosophy.

SARTON MEDAL

     The Sarton Medal is the = most=20 prestigious award of the History of Science = Society.=20 It honors a lifetime of scholarly achievement and = is=20 awarded each year to a historian of science of = outstanding=20 merit selected from the international scholarly = community.=20 I am honored and delighted to have been asked = by=20 HSS President John Servos to introduce this year's = Sarton Medalist. She is Nancy G. Siraisi, = Distinguished=20 Professor Emerita in the Department of History at=20 Hunter College, City University of New York. =

     Professor Siraisi has = devoted her=20 long and exceptionally productive career to the = history=20 of science and medicine of the Middle Ages = and=20 the Renaissance, with a special focus on Italy. = Her=20 six books, four edited volumes, and fifty articles = embrace=20 a tremendous range of topics, from learned = medicine to=20 the daily practices of physicians and = barber-surgeons,=20 from medieval universities to Renaissance court = patronage,=20 from her very first publication on Pietro = d'Abano's=20 commentary on the Problems of Aristotle, ca. = 1300=20 (Isis [1970]), to her work in progress on = the=20 interrelations between natural history and human = history=20 circa 1600. Via the music of the pulse, the art = of=20 narrative, and the practice of anatomy, to mention = only a few of the highlights along the = way.=20

     When I was going through the = Princeton program and had the great good fortune = of=20 getting to know Nancy while she was there, we = were enjoined to work beyond the = internalist/externalist=20 distinction. Even better than working beyond the=20 distinction, Nancy Siraisi works without it. She = reads=20 widely and with an open mind; she writes richly=20 nuanced and detailed studies that attend to texts = and=20 textual traditions, to individual lives and daily=20 practices, to institutional settings and social = relations,=20 to disciplinary distinctions and literary genres. = Nancy=20 Siraisi's pluralist or "broad church" methodology has = won=20 her universal respect across the large areas of=20 scholarship in which she works. Her attention to = narrative=20 of all kinds, from medieval medical consilia to = Cardano's=20 case histories to the larger works of Renaissance=20 historical writing that she is studying now, has = been=20 particularly influential at the forefront of the = field.=20 Her exacting thoroughness, incisive analyses, and lucid = prose are held in the highest esteem by the=20 most critical scholars in Europe and America. =

     Nancy Siraisi was an = undergraduate=20 at St. Hilda's College, Oxford, where she worked = with=20 the great specialist of medieval education Beryl = Smalley.=20 After coming to New York in 1959 she entered = the=20 Graduate Center at the City University of New = York.=20 To this day she credits her success in large=20 measure to the opportunities provided by New = York's=20 system of public education. She wrote her doctoral = dissertation under the supervision of Pearl Kibre, = one=20 of the pioneers in the history of medieval = science,=20 whose bibliographies of scientific manuscripts are still = crucial works of reference today. In 1970 Nancy=20 Siraisi received her doctorate and began as = assistant=20 professor in the History Department at Hunter = College,=20 CUNY. This would remain her home department, with=20 stints as a visiting professor at Princeton = University=20 and Smith College and periods of research in = Italy,=20 in Germany, and at the Princeton Institute and the = Dibner,=20 until her retirement in January 2003 as = Distinguished=20 Professor.

     But to return to the=20 early 1970s, with a new job, two small = children, and=20 no microwave or VCR3D~{!*~}=20I really don't know how she managed!3D~{!*~}=20Nancy Siraisi published her first book: = Arts=20 and Sciences at Padua (1973), a comprehensive study of = the=20 arts curriculum and professors at Padua before = 1350.=20 Soon thereafter she developed a particular expertise = in=20 medieval medicine and medical teaching, as is = evident=20 in a long series of articles and a book = based on=20 extensive manuscript research on the teaching of = medicine=20 at Bologna in the thirteenth and fourteenth = centuries:=20 the award-winning Taddeo Alderotti and His Pupils = (1981).=20 Having accomplished what would be the envy of = most=20 of us, Nancy Siraisi then proceeded to become = a=20 leading scholar in yet another, quite different = field, by=20 moving into the Renaissance: in Avicenna in Renaissance=20 Italy (1987) she studied the commentaries on = the=20 canon of Avicenna in Italian universities after = 1500;=20 in The Clock and the Mirror (1997) she focused = on=20 the many aspects of the sixteenth-century Italian=20 physician Girolamo Cardano, from his authorship to = his=20 bedside practices. She has received many, many = awards,=20 including election to the Medieval Academy of = America=20 and the American Philosophical Society and, just = last=20 year, an honorary Laurea in philosophy from = the=20 University of Padua, which is just one indication = of=20 her international standing. Nancy Siraisi's most widely=20 read book, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine, = was=20 awarded this Society's Watson Davis Prize in 1991=20 for its balanced and nuanced synthesis of a = large=20 and complex subject. Born from the experience of = years and=20 years of dedicated teaching, this book is and = will=20 long remain an invaluable guide to students and=20 scholars in these areas.

     Throughout more than thirty=20 years of professional activity, Nancy Siraisi has = been=20 a tremendous force for good in the history of = science and medicine. She has been extremely = generous=20 in taking on burdensome tasks behind the scenes = in=20 many different professional associations. She has served = on the advisory boards of dozens of journals, = prize=20 committees, book series and encyclopedias in the = United=20 States and in Europe; she has served in many = positions=20 in this Society, as well as in the American=20 Association of the History of Medicine and the=20 Renaissance Society of America, of which she was=20 president in 19943D–=201996. She has contributed powerfully to = the=20 presence of the history of science and medicine in = places=20 where the discipline might otherwise have little=20 representation, notably in Renaissance and medievalist=20 societies but also at the New York Academy = of=20 Sciences and among audiences of physicians.

     One of her most important=20 services to the profession has been of the = kind=20 that goes mostly unrecorded and unrecognized. Although = she=20 has not been at an institution where she = might=20 attract many graduate students, Nancy Siraisi has = been a=20 spectacular mentor to younger scholars throughout = her long=20 career, reading attentively innumerable dissertations, = drafts,=20 and manuscripts with incisive but tactful comments,=20 advising and encouraging the young (and = not-so-young) with=20 her usual no-nonsense precision and unfailing = generosity,=20 as many members of this Society can attest from=20 direct experience. I remember Nancy Siraisi from = the=20 first conference I ever attended, twenty years = ago,=20 in which she delivered a paper entitled "Medicina, = ars or scientia?" I do not remember much else = from this conference. But her presence there, = delivering=20 a careful analysis of a complex historical = question,=20 no doubt over my head at the time, stayed = with me=20 as an invitation to join in the study of = the=20 scientific thought of a deeper past. I suspect = that her=20 career, at once brilliant and unpretentious, has = inspired=20 more than one other young scholar to forge = ahead=20 down a similar path. How lucky our discipline = has=20 been to have benefited from the unflagging = devotion of=20 such a remarkable scholar and generous = professional! You=20 could not have chosen a more worthy recipient of = the=20 Sarton Medal for 2003.

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