EWS 425
Lin

Exercise 5
Tools and Machines



1. Find out:
what is a tool?
what is a machine?
what are the elements of machines?

2. Look up:

Tools and Machines from the Ancient World
Tools and Machines of Ancient China
Mills Throughout History: (note Athenian Overshot Mill)
Medieval Catapult
Leonardo da Vinci's Calculating Machine
Leonardo's Inventions

3. Identify and itemize the landmark machines of the 19th century. Search the internet for pictures of these machines. According to Autmn Stanley, what were women's contributions to these machines?

4. Identify some of the most important contemporary machines invented by women.

5. What are some of the conclusions that can be drawn from the study of tools and machines through time as far as women and gender roles are concerned?