Table of Behavior Change Theories and Models

Because theories and models of human behavior can guide the development and refinement of health promotion and education efforts, this page reviews elements of behavioral and social science theories and models.

Learning Theories	Health Belief Model	Transtheoretical Model
Relapse Prevention Model	Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior	Social Learning/Social Cognitive Theory
Social Support	Ecological Approaches

Theory / Model	Level	Key Concept
Classic learning theories	Individual	Reinforcement Cues Shaping
Health belief model	Individual	Perceived susceptibility Perceived severity Perceived benefits Perceived barriers Cues to action Self-efficacy
Transtheoretical Model	Individual	Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
Relapse prevention	Individual	Skills training Cognitive reframing Lifestyle rebalancing
Social cognitive theory	Interpersonal	Reciprocal determinism Behavioral capability Self-efficacy Outcome expectations Observational learning Reinforcement
Theory of planned behavior	Interpersonal	Attitude toward the behavior Outcome expectations Value of outcome expectations Subjective norm Beliefs of others Motives to comply with others Perceived behavioral control
Social Support	Interpersonal	Instrumental support Informational support Emotional support Appraisal support
Ecological perspective	Environmental	Multiple levels of influence Intrapersonal Interpersonal Institutional Community Public policy

Source: Adapted from Clanz, K. and Rimer, B.K. Theory at-a-glance: a guide for health promotion practice, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1995.

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