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The Human Skeletal System
1. Regions of the skeleton:
a. Axial skeleton: 80 bones
b. Appendicular skeleton: 126 bones
c. Total: 206 bones
2. Axial skeleton
a. Skull
i. Cranial bones: 8 bones
1. Frontal bone - - - - 1
2. Parietal bone - - - - 2
3. Occipital bone - - - - 1
4. Temporal bone - - - - 2
5. Ethmoid bone - - - - 1
6. Sphenoid bone - - - - 1
ii. Facial bones: 14 bones
1. Nasal bone - - - - - 2
2. Vomer - - - - - 1
3. Lacrimal bone - - - - 2
4. Zygomatic bone - - - - 2
5. Palatine bone - - - - 2
6. Maxillae - - - - - 2
7. Mandible - - - - - 1
8. Inferior nasal conchae - - 2
b. Hyoid bone: 1 bone - - - - 1
c. Auditory ossicles: 6 bones
i. Stapes - - - - - - 2
ii. Incus - - - - - - 2
iii. Malleus - - - - - - 2
d. Vertebral column: 26 bones
i. Cervical (C1-C7) - - - - 7
ii. Thoracic (T1 - T12) - - - 12
iii. Lumbar (L1 - L5) - - - - 5
iv. Sacrum (fusion of 5 bones) - - 1
v. Coccyx (fusion of 2 to 4 bones) - 1
e. Thorax: 25 bones
i. Sternum - - - - - - 1
ii. Ribs (12 on each side) - - - 24
f. Total: (axial) 80
3. Appendicular skeleton (Numbers indicate total of L/R side)
a. Pectoral girdle
i. Clavicle- - - - - - 2
ii. Scapula - - - - - - 2
b. Upper limbs
i. Humerus - - - - - - 2
ii. Ulna - - - - - - 2
iii. Radius - - - - - - 2
iv. Carpals: (Wrists) 16 bones
1. Scaphoid - - - - - 2
2. Lunate - - - - - 2
3. Triquetrum - - - - - 2
4. Pisiform - - - - - 2
5. Trapezium - - - - - 2
6. Trapezoid - - - - - 2
7. Capitate - - - - - 2
8. Hamate - - - - - 2
v. Metacarpals: (Hands) 10 bones
1. Metacarpal I - V - - - 10
vi. Phalanges: (Fingers & thumbs) 28 bones
1. Proximal phalanges I - V - - 10
2. Middle phalanges II - V - - 8
3. Distal phalanges I - V - - 10
c. Pelvic girdle
i. Hip: (fusion of Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis)
1. Coxal bone (Os Coxae) - - - 2
d. Lower Limb
i. Femur - - - - - - 2
ii. Fibula - - - - - - 2
iii. Tibia - - - - - - 2
iv. Patella - - - - - - 2
v. Tarsals: (Ankles) 14 bones
1. Talus - - - - - - 2
2. Calcaneus - - - - - 2
3. Navicular - - - - - 2
4. Cuboid - - - - - - 2
5. Cuneiforms:
a. First (medial) - - - 2
b. Middle(intermediate) - - 2
c. Third (lateral) - - - 2
vi. Metatarsals: (Instep) 10 bones
1. Metatarsals I - V - - - 10
vii. Phalanges: (Toes) 28 bones
1. Proximal phalanges I - V - - 10
2. Middle phalanges II - V - - 8
3. Distal phalanges I - V - - 10
e. Total: (appendicular) 126
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