Robert W. Allen
Management & Human Resources
Shanthi Srinivas
Management & Human Resources
Shiori Sakamoto
Management & Human Resources
This research focuses on attitudes toward women as managers and identifies variables that might be associated with more positive attitudes. Samples included 369 industry professionals, 36 business faculty, and 179 students. Results indicate that the industry sample had more favorable, although still biased, attitudes toward women as managers. Key variables that were associated with more favorable attitudes were: having worked for a female manager, having a female mentor, level of education, and acceptance of others.
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Samuel I. Bellman
English and Foreign Languages
The purpose here is to provide a new, unconventional way of seeing a literary text - but not to reinterpret it completely, according to some trendy approach. The literary characters' needs, demands, and responses are to be considered in terms of metabolism.; the same will apply when the author is speaking as one of the characters in the piece. Metabolism involves a pair of contrasting processes: catabolism, the wearing or tearing down of what gives integrity and stability to the organism (in this case, the mind as a regulatory mechanism for wholesome psychological survival), and anabolism, the building up or restructuring of what gives integrity and stability to the organism or the mind. Certain poems and works of fiction will be examined in the light of this alternative approach to literary study.
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Kristin R. Bozak
Biological Sciences
Airica L. Baxter-Burrell
Biological Sciences
Eun Young Joo
Biological Sciences
Wilmot D. Garnett
Plant and Soil Sciences
The ripe Hass avocado contains one of the highest levels of the cytochrome P450 protein found in the plant kingdom. Therefore it has been used to prepare cytochrome P450 (P450) protein for analysis, and also provided the first cytochrome P450 gene to be cloned and sequenced from a plant source (Bozak et al. 1990). Polyclonal antibodies were generated against the CYP71A1 protein, and used in a western blot analysis of Hass fruit at various stages of ripening. An antigen of approximately 48,000 Daltons was absent in unripe fruit, but observed in ripening tissue. All of this work had been performed with the Hass variety. To determine whether other varieties of avocado grown on either the Cal Poly Pomona campus or at the Pine Tree Research Station (Santa Paula CA) contain similar levels of P450 protein, ripe tissue of the varieties Bacon, Zutano, Macarthur, Pinkerton, Fuerte, and Hass were subjected to Western Blot analysis. We determined that all six varieties contain similar levels of P450 protein, though the Hass variety contains the most. This indicates that CYP71A1 plays a role during ripening common to all these varieties. Therefore, it does not contribute to any characteristic of ripening which is unique to a single variety, such as flavor or skin color changes.
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Arphaphan Chavaltanpipat
Business Administration
Shady Kholdy
Finance, Real Estate, and Law
Ahmad Sohrabian
Finance, Real Estate, and Law
The purpose of this study is to investigate whether trends in banking mergers between January 1994 and October 1995 are different from previous periods. Specifically, the study focused on greatly increased acquisition prices and interstate consolidations. Abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns for a sample of 30 mergers were determined for each situation. The results of the study showed negative effects for shareholders of acquiring banks around the announcement period. Medium-to-small (under $1 billion) acquisitions caused insignificant negative abnormal returns, but large acquisitions, caused significant negative abnormal returns. At the same time, shareholders in acquired banks of both sizes earned significant positive abnormal returns. The analysis of interstate mergers showed similar results. The analysis documented significant positive abnormal returns for target banks and insignificant negative abnormal returns for acquiring banks during the announcement.
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Cheryl Cruz
California State University, Los Angeles
John Karayan
Accounting
For many businesses, maintaining their election to be taxed as Subchapter S corporations is important. This is because S corporations enjoy all of the legal benefits of being incorporated (prime among them being limited legal liability for shareholder-investors) while avoiding a major tax cost of being incorporated: the specter of double taxation. Maintaining the election also is important because losing the election unexpectedly may trigger double taxation, and do so retroactively. How to keep S status -- which prohibits more than one class of stock -- while granting stock incentives to motivate employees -- which incentives can look like second classes of stock -- thus is an important tax planning puzzle.
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Kathleen K. Dunn
University Library
Danette A. Cook Adamson
University Library
With the increased rate of acceptance and use of information technologies in higher education and in the workplace, the importance of educating students in information competence skills has become more apparent. Information competence is defined as the integration of library literacy, computer literacy, media literacy, technological literacy, ethics, critical thinking, and communications skills. The CSU has identified information competence as an essential set of skills for college students. This article discusses the importance of teaching information competence skills to all college students, and looks at current information competence initiatives in the CSU system.
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John Giors
Electrical and Computer Engineering
A.R. Marudarajan
Electrical and Computer Engineering
M.K. Hayden
Electrical and Computer Engineering
L.B. McCurdy
Engineering Technology
A new approach to the implementation of object associations is developed. The details of the implementation are discussed, and the idea of the "bi-directional interleaved linked-list" is introduced. The proposed technique is compared to other techniques by the analysis of appropriate time and space metrics. Data from test runs demonstrates the proposed technique's advantages.
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Frank Glaser Mathematics Continuing with the development of a theory of hyperpolar fractals, we present in this article a way of constructing hyperpolar universal sets in two and three dimensions which are mappings of two classical fractals: the Sierpinski carpet and the Menger sponge. This article is, therefore, a continuation of a previous one (Glaser, 1996) and its aim is to extend some of the results of the Polish mathematician Waclaw Sierpinski (1882- 1969) as well as some of the work of his Austrian colleague, Karl Menger (born in 1902) into two and three-dimensional hyperpolar spaces respectively.
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M. Kathleen Hayden
Electrical and Computer Engineering
Lorne Olfman
Claremont Graduate School
Paul Gray
Claremont Graduate School
Niv Ahituv
Claremont Graduate School
Pictorial interfaces, including iconic, diagrammatic and forms-oriented, are common in today's software development environment. The acceptance of visual interfaces has prompted software manufacturers to extend this feature to programming languages. The intent of this study was to explore the effects of tool and language representation on the programmer's ability to synthesize and transform information for the purpose of software development and maintenance.
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Richard D. Hulme
Accounting
Keith B. Ehrenreich
Accounting
Donald F. Putnam
Accounting
The market place for accounting graduates is making it very clear that it is dissatisfied with current accounting graduates. Accounting programs need to conduct self-evaluations of their programs to update them to satisfy the needs of prospective employers. Employers from public accounting firms and from industry and government want well-educated business persons who have an in-depth understanding of accounting information systems and the wide variety of roles of accounting information in problem solving and decision making. In order to achieve this objective, course designers need to make key decisions about the topics to cover is courses. Greater emphasis must be placed on information interpretation in skills that will provide "value added" to accounting students functioning in the "information age." It is not enough for courses to be redesigned to adopt a "user" approach and include student-centered pedagogical approaches. In essence, accounting educators need to adopt a Total Quality Management perspective in choosing what topics to cover. These decisions will result not only in significant program changes, but in all likelihood will necessitate retraining programs for faculty. Business as usual no longer is acceptable. The current accounting education movement needs to be concerned not only with how accounting topics are being taught, but also must be concerned with what is being taught. We believe that the AECC was correct in their assertion that "no one model of accounting education will be appropriate for all colleges and universities." Each institution, working with its stakeholders, can create unique and sustainable programs and therefore this should result in a rich variety of approaches to accounting education.
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David A. Lopez
Business Administration
Daniel P. Manson
Computer Information Systems
The sustained investment and deployment of modern Information Systems (IS) in U.S. corporations have increased interest in the study of factors influencing end-user acceptance and utilization of IS. Since utilization has been shown to be a critical element of IS success, great attention has been given to the factors that positively influence end-users to utilize Information Technology (IT) platforms. This study concentrates on the research of early indicators of utilization of a recently deployed IS, known as the Empowered Desktop, at Pacific Bell.
Survey questionnaires were gathered from 58 participants located at the Alhambra, California Network Engineering Center. The study findings provided substantial support for the proposed research model. Perceived usefulness was identified as the principal determinant of system utilization. Computer Self-efficacy was found to be a significant but less substantive influence on usage directly and indirectly through perceived usefulness. Of the two environmental variables, social pressure was found to be the most significant. The results of this study were similar to other IS studies involving a different set of demographic groups. The higher correlation of environmental variables provided and the accentuated importance of perceived usefulness provided significant contributions to the study of IS utilization in a more typical corporate organizational environment.
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M. Christie Mullikin
Graduate Business Program
Carol Larson Jones
Management and Human Resources
Only recently have women had the opportunity to hold positions of leadership in unions. In fact, by 1993 there were only three women presidents of national unions affiliated with the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO). One of the first women involved in union leadership was Delores Huerta who co-founded the United Farm Workers (UFW) union with Cesar Chavez. This paper will present a brief study of the challenges women have faced in achieving leadership in unions and an overview of the contributions of Dolores Huerta to the UFW.
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Thomas H. Patten, Jr.
Management and Human Resources
Medical care programs of various types have now moved to the center of the domestic economic stage. Retirees availing themselves of these medical benefits are worried about the future cost, adequacy, and structure of these benefits. The 1996 national elections obfuscated the real issues and have sown widespread confusion. Probably a bipartisan Congressional or differently structured ad hoc commission will be asked to make future recommendations on Medicare (a social insurance program) to the President. Medicaid (a public assistance program) will be dramatically affected by the new welfare reform law and has unique problems of its own. In both Medicare and Medicaid managed care approaches, particularly the further spread of HMOs (health maintenance organizations), can be expected. Political leadership of a type not displayed much in recent Congresses will be needed to allay the worries and mollify the economic security concerns of retirees and senior citizens.
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Mary Kay Switzer
Communications
There is much speculation on the long-range effects of the O.J. Simpson trial which is already rewriting the rules in nearly every area of the American legal system. In our democracy a primary concern is the citizen's right to know; a right which must include access to our courts. This article examines the broadcaster's role as guardian of the public interest as established by case law. It views the impact of the O.J. Simpson case on the legal system and public access within the historical context of television access to the courtroom.
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Gwen Urey
Urban and Regional Planning
Planning educators are finding ways to use computing applications to help students learn and to facilitate communication and collaboration among the members of a learning community. The growth of computing in undergraduate planning education has been driven largely by computer usage in the profession, which has the effect of accentuating the skill- development dimension of planning education over knowledge- and value-development. With more imagination and newer, more graphically-oriented applications and the World Wide Web, we have opportunities to re-appropriate the technologies to the needs of our curricula. Following Willson, I too organize my paper around Postman's three themes: interests, symbols and community.
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Mark von Wodtke
Landscape Architecture
The Department of Landscape Architecture at Cal Poly Pomona hosted a Regenerative Design Symposium "Building Sustainable Communities for the 21st Century" chaired by Takeo Uesugi and Mark von Wodtke. This paper draws from the presentations made at this symposium and design charrette addressing pollution in the South Coast Air Quality Management District. Endnotes identifying these presentations have been omitted for the sake of brevity; however they are available from the author. Out of this symposium came some insights and ideas as well as a rekindling of the regenerative spirit we wish to share with educators, policy makers, and the general public. Its implications for cleaner air and a better quality of life hopefully will carry the strength needed to transcend words and translate into actions.
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James M. Weidman
Food Marketing, Agribusiness Management, and Agricultural Education
Nicole Kefalas
Food Marketing, Agribusiness Management, and Agricultural Education
The paper develops a framework to understand the risk trade-offs involved in public policy making. The concepts from statistical hypothesis testing are utilized to assess the risks involved as well as the concept of zero tolerance. It is intended for use by public policy makers, the general citizenry, and students to better understand the risk tradeoff. Examples from drug testing, pesticide residue, the greenhouse effect, affirmative action, and project analysis are employed to illustrate cross-disciplinary nature of the framework. It concludes with a food safety case.
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Lea D. Wikoff
Hotel and Restaurant Management
This study examined faculty qualifications and factors influencing employment decisions of administrators in hospitality programs across the United States. The results may assist potential faculty in choosing the type of degree to pursue, the content areas that are most desirable, and other factors such as industry experience that may impact future employment marketability. The results could also serve hospitality programs in developing doctoral curricula for hospitality educators. Factors studied include the values administrators place on the Ph.D., Ed.D., D.B.A., J.D. and industry experience across the curriculum areas of hotel management, food service, tourism, hospitality law, and hospitality business.
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Richard Willson
Urban and Regional Planning
Computers enhance education in some important ways, but they may have unintended consequences for teaching and learning. Using undergraduate education in urban and regional planning as a case study, this paper examines how computers affect interests (what we think about), symbols (what we think with), and community (the forum in which thoughts develop). The primary critique is that computer applications teach students that planning is primarily a technical activity, one in which individualistic and rationalistic approaches are most appropriate. However, this message contradicts what many planning theorists and practitioners have come to agree is good planning: a collaborative decision- making process that has communication and democratic practice at its core. The paper challenges planning educators to carefully consider how they use computers in teaching and learning, and prods them to find uses that reinforce a collaborative, community-centered model of planning.
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