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1.1 Preface: The purpose of this manual is to present guidelines for students to follow in preparing and completing individual senior project reports in the IME 460, 461, 462 series of courses (2+2+2=6 units) and team senior projects in the IME 499 sequence of courses (3+3=6 units). Also included are guidelines for students who are interested in participating in the Engineering Interdisciplinary Clinic program. The major features of the ninth edition of the guidelines in comparison to the eighth edition is the change in the due date of the senior project proposal, addition of progress reports, and a final formal presentation at the end of IME 462. The grading process has also changed dramatically. Please read the appropriate section for these details. This manual is prepared for the purpose of establishing consistency and conformity with accepted engineering practices, and serve as a guide for industrial and manufacturing engineering students in preparation of their senior project reports. These guidelines are considered mandatory requirements for students to follow. It is considered the student's responsibility to read the manual and style guide and to be aware of all critical deadlines and requirements. It should be noted that this manual does not follow the same format as required for the senior project. Students should not, therefore, attempt to write their project using this document as a model. 1.2 Purpose of Senior Project: The senior project is the culmination of all years of undergraduate engineering education. The graduating engineer should be able to apply the principles and techniques learned at the University to a real-world problem. The selected project should be related to the student's field of study. The senior project problem selected for the study should be of specific nature so that it can be solved within the allotted time. The senior project experience is patterned around the "capstone design" requirements of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). The senior project experience integrates specialty areas and are predicated on the accumulated background of the previous courses The project has to have practical applications and should not merely be a duplication of work that has already been done. A mere review of the available literature on a given subject matter does not satisfy the requirements of a capstone design course. Neither does a manual written for a company that merely outlines a method or philosophy they should consider for adoption (eg. TQM, JIT, or MRP) satisfy the requirements. The student should use an iterative, open-ended problem solving methodology and develop a recommended solution or course of action for the problem. Development of computer software (programs and/or simulations) is also acceptable for senior projects if the software is of value to the IME Department or a company. It is the opinion of the IME faculty that senior projects should be real industrial problems or projects conducted within the department that demonstrate the practice of the engineering profession. Students may work individually or as members of a team. 1.3 Individual Senior Project Sequence - Typically, the sequence of senior project course series is as follows:
1.3.2 - Pre-requisites for senior project are: IME 460, IME 331/331L, GWT and any other course necessary because of the nature of the project. IME 460 will emphasize the process involved, project management, presentation skills and finding a good senior project idea and potential advisor. However, in an effort to help the students, IME 460 will be offered more often. Look for IME 460 to be offered in Fall and Spring Quarters.
1.3.4 IME 461 Senior Project - Students who do not have an advisor and project lined up by the “last day to add” (usually around the 8th day of the quarter) need to delay IME 461 until the next quarter. Likewise, students who are enrolled in IME 461 but fail 3 to produce an approved proposal by the end of the third week (last day to drop without a petition) should consider dropping IME 461 until such time that they have a viable project.
1.3.6 IME Department Record Keeping - Two copies of your proposal and three copies of your final draft of the project should be submitted via the department office so that your project can be tracked and a copy kept in the department office. This additional requirement is for your protection. 1.3.7 Faculty Expectations: The dates below are based on the following expectations and with the understanding that two quarters is a very short time frame and goes by quickly. Consequently, good planning is essential to success: a. The student has a viable project in mind prior to the quarter they enroll in IME 461 so that the proposal can be written within the first three weeks. The process of generating the proposal will include sufficient research to insure that the project is viable and the time line is achievable. A late start here will almost guarantee an inferior project. The proposal is supposed to include a Gantt chart (time line) and could also, without much difficulty, include a PERT chart and critical path. b. IME 461: The minimum goal for IME 461 will be to complete required research and collect all data. It would be desired to also begin analysis and formulating alternative courses of action. c. IME 462: Ideally all data will have been collected and primarily what will be left for IME 462 will be analysis, conclusions and recommendations, writing, and preparing for the formal presentation. 1.3.8 How to Find an Individual Senior Project - Proposed topics may be provided by the student. However, much more scrutiny by advisors will be undertaken. Topics may be rejected even during the project if the project faculty advisor finds out that the student misrepresented the project or that he or she does not have enough control over work done at the job site. To find a senior project on your own you
can: To find a senior project through faculty
members: b. Read some completed senior projects and see if there is an extension or incomplete aspect that would make a viable project.
1.4.2 Organization Team size - 3-6 students, depending on the project. Teams should plan on weekly meetings at a time mutually convenient to all students on the team. Meetings should be for a minimum of one-hour with the advisor in attendance. A log or minutes should be kept. Attendance is mandatory with non-participation resulting in being "dismissed" from the team with appropriate grade to follow. The team must immediately select a team leader, team secretary or scribe, and make other assignments as needed 1.4.3 : Schedule and grading (no more SP grades) - Starting Fall Quarter of 1997, students will receive two grades, one for each quarter. The grades for the senior project course will be just like the grade for any other course. No SP grade will be given for incomplete work. Incomplete grades will be given only in accordance with university policy as stated in the catalog. The grading of the senior project course is based on the student progress each quarter as detailed in the following: a. Presentations - Each student is required to make two presentations each quarter to report his or her project progress. The first three presentations will take place as follows: - Middle of the first quarter, - End of the first quarter, - Middle of second quarter. These three presentations are primarily progress reports to insure that you are following your plans and are on track. They are informal and will be made to the project faculty advisor who may choose to invite other faculty and students as audience. The fourth and last presentation will be made at the end of the second quarter. This presentation is a formal presentation and the student will present the outcome of his or her project to all other IME faculty, senior project students, other interested faculty, interested alumni and Companies representatives. It is mandatory for students making the final presentation in MFE 462 and MFE 499 and students who are enrolled in MFE 461 and in the first quarter of MFE 499 to attend and stay through out the final presentation. Students need to register using the sign-up sheet provided by Dr. F. Darweesh before the start of the presentation. In the case of team senior project every member of the team should present part of the project. It may take half a day or a full day for all the senior project students to present their projects. The dates for the first three presentations and the final report presentation and the due date for written reports will be set by the IME Department and posted at the beginning of the quarter. b. Gantt Chart- Upon approval of the senior project proposal the student should declare in writing with his or her senior project advisor the portion of the project that will be presented at each occasion. This could be easily accomplished through a thoughtful Gantt Chart. Adherence to the time line is considered part of the Senior Project c. Grading The grading of senior project is based on the following:
1.4.4 Written Report for Team Senior Project - Format for written report is the same as for individual senior projects as described in Guidelines for Preparation of Individual and Team Senior Project Reports with the title and grading pages revised to include all team members names. A first draft is not required for Team Senior Projects, only the final draft. The final draft is due by 5:00 PM on Friday of the tenth week of the second quarter of IME 499. This gives the team maximum flexibility to complete their written report. Teams are encouraged to submit extra bound copies of the report so that each team member can have their own signed, graded copy to keep. 1.4.5 Senior Project Work Prior to IME 499 Team Senior Project - Any sections of IME 460, IME 461, and/or IME 462 completed prior to enrolling in IME 499, Team Senior Project may not be used for credit toward the IE or MFE degree. IME 460, for example, cannot be used as an IE or MFE elective if completed before taking IME 499, Team Senior Project. 1.5 Senior Project Proposal - The proposal must clearly outline what the student plans to do as a senior project and how the student proposes to do the work. Any work done on a senior project prior to the approval of the senior project proposal may be rejected by the senior project advisor and/or the department chair. Any expenditures of State or Department funds on a senior project must be included in the senior project proposal for approval in advance by the project advisor and the department chair. The use of university facilities and/or equipment outside of the Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department must be requested on the appropriate forms and approved by the advisor and the department chair. Students should note that the "buddy system" is enforced when laboratories are used outside of class. Also, a responsible faculty member must be on campus. Consequently, department facilities are not generally available during evenings, weekends, or quarter breaks. In the proposal the student explains the following: 1. Project Description - Describe what the project is and why it is important. A very brief history of the situation may be appropriate at this point. The project can be to design or analyze a system, layout a facility, improve operations, develop an SPC program, develop standards, develop a manufacturing process, etc. 2. Scope - The scope of the project is how far the student will carry the project. For example, a project can include a design phase, prototype phase, test phase, implementation, and debugging. It may be sufficient for the senior project to only include the design and prototype phases. Students are cautioned to set the scope of the project to be manageable within the time frame they have before them. 3. Plan of Attack - What steps will be taken to complete the project. Research, interviews, design, test, revision, installation, evaluation, or whatever must be done should be briefly described. 4. Gantt Chart - Prepare and attach a Gantt chart showing the major steps of your project against your time. The Gantt chart should agree with your plan of attack and be a "road map" for its completion. The project should be broken down into six or more activities to provide reasonable milestones for tracking progress. Senior project advisors should be able to assess progress at the end of each quarter using the Gantt chart. (Note: Gantt charts typically list project phases by start date with the earliest starting date at the top. Each phase's duration is shown as a bar under the calendar time line across top of the chart.) a. IME 461 Milestones
(include on Gantt Chart): By End of Fifth Week: Presentation #1 with faculty advisor (by appointment) By End of Tenth Week: Presentation #2 with faculty advisor (by appointment) b. IME 462 Milestones
(include on Gantt Chart): Thursday or Friday ( time and date to be announced ) of Ninth Week, 3:00 p.m. until finished: Formal 20 minute presentation to IME faculty, students, and guests (schedule with Department Secretary). (Date may vary in Fall quarter if Thanksgiving interferes). Advisor returns first draft with recommended revisions. By 4:00 p.m. Friday of Tenth Week: Three copies of final draft of Senior Project due in department office (copies for advisor, department, and student). 5. Letter of Consent - An official letter from the company where the student is to conduct the senior project should accompany the proposal. A company representative should endorse the project in the way it is proposed. It is in the student's best interest to obtain such a letter. Experience has shown that companies who are reluctant to provide a letter may not be willing to see the project through to the end. Students doing a project within the IME Department do not need a separate letter since the approval of the advisor is included in the process. An example of a senior project proposal cover sheet is included as Appendix A. 1.6 Quality of Senior Project Reports - The senior project report should be of high quality in terms of technical content and engineering writing. In undergraduate curriculum, this work is analogous to a Master's degree thesis or a doctoral dissertation. It shows the technical maturity and engineering problem?solving ability of the graduating senior. Poor performance in this course cannot be tolerated. For the student, a senior project is an interface and transition between the university and industry. Students are expected to do their best in planning and undertaking the project. 1.7 Drafts of Individual Senior Project Reports - The individual senior project report should be prepared in two stages--first draft and final report. 1.7.1 First Draft - The first draft of the senior project report should meet the following requirements: If there are numerous grammar, format, spelling, and typographical errors in the first few pages of the report, it will be returned to the student before any further action is taken on it. This action might postpone the student's graduation The student submits a copy of the first draft to the department office before the first draft deadline. The department secretary logs the senior project drafts in a book according to the date they are submitted and forwards the draft to the advisor. The submittal deadline for the first draft is posted outside the department. Contact the department secretary if any questions arise The first draft is read by the senior project advisor who notes any problems or format errors. The advisor returns the report to the department office by the deadline for return to the student. Students are encouraged to review their advisor's comments and then discuss them in person to make sure there is a clear understanding of any changes that are needed. 1.7.2 Final Report and Grading - After receiving the comments back from the advisor, the student prepares the final report by closely observing all the suggestions, corrections, modifications, and deadlines. The final report should be prepared on the required paper, corrected, proofread, and following all format guidelines. The first draft containing the advisor's comments should be submitted with the final report so that it can be checked to see if all the comments and suggestions have been taken into consideration in the final draft. The final grade will be assigned by the senior project advisor based on the assessment of the overall quality of the project and the adherence to Senior Project guidelines and format requirements. After approval and grading by the advisor, the final draft will be given to the department secretary who will log it in and give it to the department chair for final approval. The department chair will sign on the approval page when satisfied that the requirements have been met (Note: The Department Chair will generally not be able to read each report in its entirety. The Department Chair will greatly rely on the senior project advisor to grade the project). The senior project advisor will then turn in any final grades or change-of-grade petitions through the department office. 1.7.3 Mandatory Format Requirements - The following format requirements must be met on the final draft or the final draft will be returned for correction. Submission of final grades or change of grade forms will be postponed until mandatory format requirements have been met. The mandatory format requirements are: a. Quality of Printing - The text must be prepared by word processing with letter-quality printing (as is available on laser, ink jet, or 24 pin letter quality printers). b. Binding - The senior project report must be velo bound with Title Page (without approvals and grade) printed on the cover. The color of the cover should be a light color such as gray, tan, or light blue so the printing is legible. Dark covers such as (black, brown, or dark blue) and clear plastic covers are not acceptable and will be returned for correction before grading. c. Pagination - Each major section must begin on a new page with the page number at bottom center. Other pages must have page number at the upper right. (Number and locate page numbers as specified in the style guide. See Campbell, 44-45). Placing of the author's name with the page number at the upper right corner (for example see Campbell, 62-63) on pages of text will be considered optional by the IME Department. d. Margins - The margin must be 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) at the left side and 1 inch (25.4 mm) at the top, right side, and bottom. Figures, tables, drawings, and computer programs should be reduced using the reduction feature on a copying machine to maintain the required margins. e. Arrangement of Pages - The arrangement of pages should match the following sequence: Cover (with title page minus approvals) Title/Approval Page Statement of Disclaimer Abstract Acknowledgments Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Introduction Body Conclusions and Recommendations References Appendix(es) f. Headings and Fonts - Chapters, headings, and sub-headings must be identified with a paragraph numbering system as mentioned in the guidelines and style-guide. There should be no more than third?level headings. Appendix C contains an example of the use of headings. Do not use large, bolded fonts for headings. 1.8 Deadlines and Submission of Individual Senior Project Reports - All reports will be submitted and picked up from the department office by students and advisors. The Department Secretary will log and track the location of senior project proposals and drafts. For Fall and Winter graduates, the deadline for the submission of the first draft of the senior project report is typically six weeks before the last day of scheduled classes and the deadline for the submission of the final report is about two weeks before the last day of scheduled classes. However, the corresponding deadlines for the Spring quarter graduates may be earlier. The reason for this difference is that a majority of students graduate in Spring quarter and the senior project advisors need more time to accommodate all the graduating students. Every year the deadlines are posted outside the IME office. Students are encouraged to plan ahead. Students who do not plan in advance might postpone their graduation. No official senior project action is sponsored during Summer quarter. Students who fail to complete their projects in the Spring, for example, may not receive their grade until Fall quarter. 1.9 Number of Copies of the Final Report - A minimum of two bound copies of the final report and an extra, unbound, copy of the Abstract must be submitted to the department. One copy of the report will be returned for the student or team to keep as a signed record of completion. The second copy will be retained by the department. Traditionally, however, students have provided a "third" copy for their advisor to keep. Students should check with their advisor about the number of copies required. 1.10 Binding - The senior project must be velo bound (if you have any questions see Dept. Office) in an industrial technical report style with Title Page (without approvals and grade) printed on the cover. The color of the cover should be gray, tan, or light blue. This binding service is available at most copy shops such as the one on campus or Kinko's (off campus). 1.11 Policy Regarding Use of Human Subjects - If human subjects are used, as in biomedical engineering and human engineering studies, university policies regarding testing with human subjects should be observed. A copy of this policy is on file in the IME Department Office. It will be the responsibility of the student to be in compliance with this policy if testing of human subjects is included in the project. 1.12 Participation in Engineering Interdisciplinary Clinic (EIC) -Students may opt to participate in the Engineering Interdisciplinary Clinic in lieu of completing an individual or team senior project. IE students who participate will receive nine (9) units credit for participating in clinic: six (6) units of credit to replace IME 460, IME 461, and IME 462, and three (3) units toward IE electives. MFE students may also participate if, in the judgement of the student's chair and advisor, the project contains enough engineering design content related to manufacturing processes to warrant the three units of MFE electives. Otherwise, MFE students may opt to participate in EIC for six (6) units of credit. Students who participate in a clinic project should satisfy the requirements and deadlines imposed by their EIC advisors. These guidelines do not apply to EIC students. Students who may have taken IME 460 prior to enrolling in EIC may not use IME 460 as an IE or MFE elective. 2. WRITING STYLE AND FORMAT The format and form of the Senior Project Report will follow the guidelines found in Form and Style: Theses, Reports, Term Papers, Campbell, Ballou, Slade, Houghton Mifflin Company, eighth edition, 1990. Form and Style replaces the instructions printed in the first three editions of these guidelines. The sections in the guide that refer to "Theses and Dissertations" are more appropriate for Senior Project Reports than the sections on research papers. For example, typing and printing instructions and examples are given in decent detail (Campbell, 44-63). Students will be expected to own and reference the style guide whenever questions regarding format arise. The department chair and department secretary should not be asked questions about style that are in the guide. The IME Department
faculty has adopted the style guide for several reasons that will be of
benefit to the student: a. Graduate schools
and programs all use this or some other style guide for papers, theses,
and dissertations. Familiarization with a style guide now will be helpful
later. b. A published style guide is more complete than the previous guidelines. Several additions, changes, and options to the style guide will be approved as noted in following sections. 3. PRELIMINARIES (FRONT MATTER) OF THE REPORT 3.1 Title/Approval Page - The Title page for the report will also serve as the Approval page. The title of the senior project report should be concise, informative, and functional. Titles should not exceed 10 words in length. A length of 7 to 8 words is recommended. The topic selected for the senior project should be specific. The author's name follows the title. The author's first name and surname should be given in full and the middle name, if any, should be initialed. The department and the university names should be typed following the name of the author. The date following the department and the university name should be in month and year; e.g., June 1990, December 1990, etc. Spaces for the approval of project advisor, department chair, and also for recording the content, format, and final grades should be provided. A sample Title Page is included as Appendix B. 3.2 Statement of Disclaimer - The Statement of Disclaimer will be placed after the Title/Approval page. A copy of the Statement of Disclaimer is included in Appendix B. 3.3 Abstract - The Abstract gives a brief outline of the purpose, results, conclusions, and applications of the project. It is used for quick reference to the project and for information retrieval purposes. The Abstract should contain only relevant information in a clear and concise form. It should not contain any table, illustration or literature citations. The Abstract should be no more that one page long (double spaced). See the samples and information in the style guide. The Abstract must include the title and author's name at the top of the page for reference purposes. Teams should list all of their names on one line if possible. Students are required to submit an "additional", unbound copy of their Abstract when they turn in their final report. These abstracts will be kept in a separate book in the department office for reference purposes. 3.4 Table of contents and lists of tables, figures and plates - The report should follow the guidelines specified in the style guide (Campbell, Ch. 2). 3.5 Acknowledgments - In this section, the author extends gratitude for the help and cooperation the author has received from the senior project advisor and other people. If the study is funded and sponsored by an outside agency or company, the author thanks the agency or the company. 4. THE TEXT OF THE REPORT The style guide gives some helpful information about constructing the body of the report including how to formulate chapter titles and headings (Campbell, 39-42). Following are some additional ideas to help the student develop the body of the report. 4.1 Introduction - The Introduction states the purpose, background, scope, and importance of the project. The Introduction indoctrinates the reader to the reasons as to why the study was undertaken and what the author expects to achieve. The introduction is also a good place to explain the sources of information and methods used to gather the information. A survey of the available literature related to the topic should be included as part of the Introduction. The literature review reinforces the importance of the study. It convinces the reader that the study is unique and of significant contribution to engineering. The following two indexes are available in the library and can be used as sources of information for engineering projects: Applied Science and Technology Index The Engineering Index 4.2 Body - The Body of the senior project report contains the approach used to analyze and develop the project, the results obtained, and the discussion of the results. This part of the report should contain sub-sections that may briefly identify and describe equipment and machinery, test procedures, methods used to gather data, systems analyses, experimental procedures or experimental designs (eg., DOE). The student should be descriptive enough to explain their project to someone who was not familiar with the project, but should avoid exhaustive detail. The results should be summarized and presented in a logical way with appropriate statistical treatment of data. The raw data, if lengthy, should be included in the appendix(es). Occasionally the student project is to create a manual (eg. Safety Manual). If this is the case, the manual is included in the Appendix in its final form using whatever format was chosen for the manual. The senior project report itself will follow all the guidelines for a senior project report and be devoted to explaining the methodology and rationale that was used to develop the manual. The student cannot simply hand in the manual as their senior project report. In most projects a Discussion section is appropriate. In this section, observations and results are discussed and results are analyzed. Consequently, the reader is mentally prepared for the Conclusions part of the thesis. 4.3 Conclusions and Recommendations - The Conclusions section outlines the main findings, makes recommendations for further study, and identifies the applications of the findings of the study. Conclusions should be pertinent, concise, and informative. They should be logical derivations of the results of the study. The conclusions show the contributions of the study and its significance. The student may recommend a specific, step-by-step, Plan of Action as part of their recommendations. The title of this section may be "Conclusions and Recommendations Any group of appropriate subheadings can be used provided they are done in good taste and facilitate a smooth flow of information. If a particular item is designed, developed, and tested, the three appropriate subheadings would be Design, Development, and Evaluation, respectively. 5. REFERENCE MATERIAL (BACK OR END MATTER) The student should carefully read the style manual regarding the use of appendices and reference material (Campbell, 42-43, 89-103, 135-136, 262). 5.1 The Use of Appendices - Appendices should contain raw data, detailed mathematical works, supplementary materials, and other information that break the continuity of composition if inserted in the text. The appendixes should be labeled by capital letters, A, B, C, etc. This is the order in which appendices should be referred to in the text. If an appendix is not referred to in the text, it is not needed and should not be included in the report. Figures, tables, and charts in the appendix should be correctly labeled. 5.2 Methods of
Referencing - The student may use any of the methods of including
references that are described in the style guide: a. Footnote Method
- A superscripted number is properly placed and the reference is cited
at the bottom of the same page. b. Endnote Method
- Same as the footnote method except the reference is cited at the end
of the chapter or body of text. c. Author-Number
System - This system simply uses a reference number in the text with the
reference citation listed in a References section after the text material.
The references can be ordered several ways. The Author-Number System is recommended because of its simplicity and the distracting nature of footnotes. 6. TYPING AND PRINTING INSTRUCTIONS Comprehensive typing and printing instructions are included in the style guide. Questions about pagination, margins, displaying tables, figures, and computer materials, style, and mechanics, are all covered in the style guide. The following sections reflect a few exceptions or notes of interest. 6.1 Pagination - Number and locate page numbers as specified in the style guide (Campbell, 44-45). Placing of the author's name next to the page number at the upper right corner (for example see Campbell, 62-63) on pages of text will be considered optional by the IME Department. 6.2 Margins - The margin should be 1.5 inches (38.1 mm) at the left side and 1 inch (25.4 mm) at the top, right side, and bottom. Figures, tables, drawings, and computer programs should be reduced using the reduction feature on a copying machine to maintain the required margins. 6.3
Arrangement of Pages - The arrangement of pages should match the following
sequence: 6.4 Headings and Fonts - Main headings should be numbered, centered, and start on a new page. Second level headings should be numbered and aligned with the left margin, and third level headings should be numbered and indented. All headings should be underlined (Campbell, 41-42). There should be no more than third?level headings. Appendix C contains an example of the use of headings. All headings should be in the same font and point size as the rest of the text of the report. Do not use large, bolded fonts for headings. 6.5 General Guides - The following references are recommended as supplementary guides for the preparation of senior project reports: 1. American Society of Civil Engineers, ASCE Author's Guide to the Publications, ASCE, New York. 2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME Manual MS?4, an ASME Paper, ASME, New York. 3. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Information for IEEE Authors. 4. Institute of Industrial Engineers, (Information for Authors), inside cover of IIE Transactions 6.6 Gender?free Language - Words such as chair for chairman, workforce for manpower, humanity for mankind, supervisor for foreman should be used. Sex stereotyping and labeling should be avoided. Use of terms such as he(she) or his(her) should also be avoided. 6.7 Mathematical Expressions - Equations should be clearly typed. If the typewriter or word processor does not have a Greek symbol, it should be handwritten clearly. Equations should be numbered consecutively in parentheses and the parentheses should be flush right. For example: F = S(3.1416)Dt (1) where F = force, 6.8 Length of Senior Project Report - There is no length requirement for the senior project report other than it be "appropriate". However, if the length of the report is less than 20, or more than 80 double?spaced typewritten pages (excluding tables, figures, and appendices) the length of the report will be closely examined. 6.9 Avoiding Common Mistakes - The following is a partial list of mistakes that are observed repeatedly in senior project reports and other technical writings. Extra care should be exercised to avoid these common mistakes: Use of too many parentheses.
6.10 Use of Word Processors - The use of a top-rated word processing software package such as WordPerfect 5.1 or 6.0 (DOS or Windows versions), and its powerful features is highly recommended. Efficient use of such software packages can significantly reduce the time required preparing the final manuscript. A good word processing package can automatically format, paginate, check grammar and spelling, make tables of contents and lists, and accomplish other tasks. The student should always keep a current backup copy of their manuscript copy to prepare for the awful situation where the working copy is erased or damaged. A backup copy should also be kept separate from the working copy to protect against both copies being stolen at the same time. It should be noted that all of the above situations have happened to IME students in the recent past.
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