Abstract

This paper reviews Japan - A Reinterpretation, by Patrick Smith and expands on its description of Western, specifically American, perceptions of Japan.  Although Western perceptions represent only one of many issues confronted by Smith, his simplified presentation allows for a clear categorization of Chrysanthemum Club and Revisionist views.  Reviewing Japan - A Reinterpretation provides an impetus for describing the emergence of, and distinctions between, these two views.  Key differences between them are clarified by direct consideration of issues such as: the nature of the U.S. occupation, and reasons for the persistent bilateral trade imbalance.  Other themes contained in Smith's book, (the conflict between Japanese individuals and society, the occupation-based origins of current Japanese political and social deficiencies, etc.) are addressed and their interconnection with current views of Japan considered.  Smith's assertion that Japanese and American perceptions of one another have been deliberately manipulated in the past is presented.  Lastly, this paper presents some potential benefits of a closer and more transparent bilateral relationship.

JEL Classification Codes
  P-5  (Other Economic Systems)
  N-4  (Economic History - Government, War, Law, and Regulation)

Key Words:
  Chrysanthemum Club
  Revisionists
  Edwin Reischauer

Outline:
  I. Recent Economic and Political Changes Have Altered Perceptions of Japan
  II. Selected Examples of the Chrysanthemum Club and Revisionist Views
  III. Japan is Different, but not Strange
  IV. Recent History and the Changing U.S. View of Japan
  V. Conclusion - Benefits of Transparency in International Relations