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Moon Folk Tales |
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| Korean Folk & Fairy Tales Moon Festival: Tet Trung Thu
The Moon Lady Moon was Tired of Walking on Air Why the Sun & Moon Live in the Sky Thirteen Moons on Turtle's Back Japanese Children's Favorite Stories |
Teacher reads text
Choral Reading Shared Reading Listening Center Play/Reader's Theater |
Song Improvisation
Poems Creative Short Stories Compare/Contrast Venn diagram Sequence the story Write a letter Rewrite the ending |
Learn the festivals associated with each story, i.e. Chusok,
Tet Trung Thu, Hounen Odori and other harvest festivals.
Map skills Time line activities |
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| Research the buckwheat plant.
Make a list of plants that are used to cure people. Plant some seeds. Learn the phases of the moon. Get facts on the sun and the moon. Post them. Write 5 facts on the 3 animals. |
Make a golden chain and count by 2s. 3s. etc.
Make a moon calendar. Graph your favorite folk tale. Discuss fractions of the moon. Play "Climb to the Moon" |
Learn a folk song for each festival.
Learn a folk dance. Make a lantern. Draw & color your favorite part. Make masks. Act out the story. Make a drum. Make an origami flower |
Make festival foods like song pyon, moon cakes, kim chee. |
Culture: Japanese
Summary: Once, the Old-Man of the Moon saw a rabbit, a monkey and a fox all living in the forest as very good friends. He wanted to know which one of these animals was the kindest. He changed himself into a beggar and asked for some food. The monkey brought him back some fruit, the fox brought him some fish, but the rabbit did not bring anything back. Instead, he offered to have himself cooked over a fire. Just as the rabbit was about to jump in, though, the beggar changed himself back into the Old Man and declared the rabbit to be the kindest. He then took the rabbit up to the moon to live with him.
Hounen-Odori is the Japanese harvest festival that is celebrated on the fifteenth day of the harvest moon in the month of August. During this time, the moon shines the brightest and allows the people to harvest the crops. This is a time for the farmers to give thanks to the sun, the water, the earth and so on for a fruitful and successful year, and to ask for another successful year. In Japan, some of the crops include wheat, barley, rice, various vegetables and so on.
In Japan, most of the celebrations take place in the villages and the rural areas and by the light of the full harvest moon. Often times the festivities are held in big open areas on platforms or in the harvested fields. Although the celebrations vary from village to village, most of the festivities include traditional Japanese dance, music, kimono (traditional dress), and delicious foods. During this time, musicians come from all over Japan to play in the villages. The festivals are often decorated with fruits of the harvest, such as flowers.
Background: The word Hounen means year of wealth and richness; and odori means dance. Thus, the Hounen-Odori is a festival celebrating the wealth and prosperity brought on by the year s harvest.
What you will need:
The rabbit is trying to climb up the ladder to the moon. Help the rabbit get back to the moon by clearing the number tiles from the ladder. 2 players
Materials:
Part of the festivities during the Hounen-Odori includes the beating of drums while proclaiming their thanks for a fruitful and prosperous year. Thus, Japanese villagers often beat a drum in a rhythmic pattern while thanking the sun, the earth and the water.
Have students build their own drums and create their own rhythmic and/or repetitive patterns. Challenge students to design a notation system to graph the patterns using their own choice of dots, lines, colors, shapes, rubber stamps, stickers, manipulatives, or whatever they choose to represent their rhythmic pattern. This may tie in to math concepts such as patterning, skip counting, or geometry. Students may later coordinate with each other to create their own ensembles.
Materials
Bass Tubes: Long PVC and ABS pipes that are 2 1/2" diameter or so make great tuned percussion instruments. Play them by hitting one of the two open ends with a flip-flop sandal or other soft flat swatter, and you will hear a surprisingly clear and deep tone. Different lengths will give you different tones; experiment first with lengths between 4 and 15 feet. One simple guide is that doubling the length of a tube lowers the tone one octave. If you want, you can fashion a simple swatter with a stick, a piece of cardboard, and an old dry sponge or a foam pad.
Marching Drum: 5 gallon plastic waterjugs make nice marching drums. Use some rope or a strip of fabric to make a sling, which will free up your hands for some sticks. For a gentler sound, turn your sticks into mallets with a liberal application of rubber bands. Test out available trash cans, buckets, empty paint cans, and waste baskets for possible drum-hood.
Bells: Many things will resonate in a pleasing way when struck by something, as long as it is free to vibrate. When testing a potential bell, put it on a piece of styrofoam (or throw it in the air) to make sure your holding of it does not dampen vibrations. If you like it, find a way to hold it that lets it sing. Look for: bits of metal pipe, large bolts, steel bowls, pots and pans, metal lamp-shades, etc.
Source: Holland, From & Gomez, Antonio M. Sounds from Scratch: Music Instrument Building and Performance for All. From Holland 8r Antonio M. Gomez, 1997.
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Culture: Korean
Summary: A sister and brother become the sun and the moon when they pray to their God, Hanunim, to help them get away from a tiger disguised as their mother.
Key Words: buckwheat, cunning, wary, clever, ri, nobleman, pallets, Hanunim, ascend .
Culture: Korea
In Korea, the harvest moon festival, or Ch usok is celebrated on the fifteenth of August by the lunar calendar. The eighth month of the lunar calendar is the month of harvest and thanksgiving. Ch usok is very similar to the American holiday, Thanksgiving Day. At this time, many people are thankful for good harvests, family reunions, and a prosperous year. The holiday usually lasts for about three days. In the light of the full, autumn moon, many Korean families give thanks for a year of success and good fortune and express good wishes to all their own families. Farmers are especially thankful for good harvests.
During this time, when the harvests are complete, families give offerings of food to the ancestors in a tshare, or memorial offering. Often times, after the service, families visit their ancestors at the cemetery. The songp yen, is a traditional Korean pastry eaten during Ch usok. It is a rice cake that is about two inches long and one inch wide that is in the shape of a half-moon. It is usually stuffed with beans, chestnuts, or sesame seeds with honey. Similar to the American tradition of eating turkey on Thanksgiving, Korean families eat the songp yon (both the songp yon and the turkey are stuffed with harvest items).
Background: Ch usok is also known as The Moon Festival because of the fact that we can usually see the full moon on a clear Autumn night. Ch usok literally means Festival of Autumn Night and is made of two Korean characters: Choo which means Autumn, and Seek which means night. This festival was originally a rural tradition, but has become a traditional cultural festival.
| Concepts and/or Skills | Measure Cut Slice Shred Sliver Mix Taste Texture Stir Sprinkle Wash Drain Dissolve |
| Materials | (Tasting experience for 30 students)
4 pickling cucumbers or 2 thin, long cucumbers 1 daikon (long white radish) 1 small head nappa(Chinese cabbage) 2 green onions 1 small piece of fresh ginger or 1 tablespoon powdered ginger 1 teaspoon paprika 1 tablespoon mild red crushed peppers or 1 red bell pepper, shredded 1 tablespoon powdered garlic 2 teaspoons sugar 1/2 cup salt 1 pint distilled water 4-quart bowl Measuring cup Colander Large spoon Tablespoon, teaspoon 3 quart jars or large sheet of heavy foil to cover Knife (serrated plastic) Shredder |
| Procedure | 1. Thinly slice cucumber and daikon. set aside in bowl.
2. Cut up Mappa into i-inch pieces. If cabbage is used, slice thinly as for coleslaw. 3. Place all the vegetables into the large bowl and sprinkle with the salt. Make sure all the vegetables are salted lightly. Set aside for 15 minutes or longer until vegetables are wilted. 4. Sliver ginger and green onions into thin strips about i-inch long. 5. Mix sugar and water, stirring until sugar is dissolved. 6. After the vegetables have wilted, wash off the salt and drain well in the colander. 7. Place vegetables hack into the bowl and add the paprika, pepper, ginger, powdered garlic, onions, and the sugared water. 8. Mix all ingredients thoroughly. 9. Leave in bowl covered with foil or fill the quart jars twothirds full to allow for fermentation at least one day. |
| Concepts and/or Skills | Drum Tassels Measurement Rhythm Colors length Sound Lid Width |
| Materials | 2 one-pound margarine tubs (slanted sides) with lids
36-inch lengths of red, green, and yellow yarn Crepe paper (green, red, yellow, and blue) cut into 1/2 x 12-inch Strips; 2 of each color for one drum Glue |
| Procedure | 1. Glue the bottoms of tubs together.
2. Punch one hole one-inch from the edge on each lid. 3. Braid three colors of yarn. 4. String the braided yam through these holes, knot the yarn on the inside of the lids. 5. Place lids on the margarine tubs. 6. Make tassels on each end of the yarn with crepe paper. |
| Suggested Activities | A brad can be used in the bottom of the tubs to hold them
together more securely.
A coffee can may be substituted for the margarine tubs with both ends cut out and covered with plastic covers. Use jango to accompany Kang Gang Suwolle song and dance; refer to Korean Cultural Lesson Kang Gang Suwolle, KEYS Project, 1975. |
| Additional Information | Jango, pronounced Chan-goo, music accompanies most of the children's rhythm dances and folk festivals. It can be played on both sides with drumsticks or on the left side with the hand and on the right side with drumstick. |
| References | "Korean Folk Song," Exploring Music, Book 6. New York: Holt,
Rinehart, Winston, 1966, p. 155.
Fingau, Alice (Trans.) "Hills of Arirang," Making Music Your Own, Book 6. Morris Town, New Jersey: Silver Burdette, 1971, p. 143. |
| Concepts
and/or Skills |
Right Left In Out Together Skip Circle Center | |
| Materials | Chusongnal Cassette Tape, KEYS Project, 1975
Cassette Tape Recorder |
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| Basic Steps | Step, together
Skip |
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| Starting Position | Circle(s) of 12 to 15 children holding hands,
facing center |
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| Dance | Measures
Introduction 1-4, right 5-8, left 9-12, in 13-16, out 17-20, right 21-24, left 25-28, in 29-32, in 33-36, right 37-40, left |
Steps
Step, together, step, together, repeat Step, together, step, together, repeat Step, step, step, step Step, step, step, step Step, together, step, together, repeat Step, together, step, together, repeat Step, step, step, step Step, step, step, step Step, step, step, step Step, step, step, step |
| Additional
Information |
The Kang Gang Suwolle dance dates
back to about the year 1450 when it was performed by girls as a symbol of thanksgiving and joy. Today it is danced by both boys and girls during the Chusongnal (Korean Thanksgiving). The accompaniment on the Chusongnal tape KEYS Project, 1975 is the kayageum (12-stringed Korean harp). |
| Concepts and/or Skills | Measure Round Texture Half Circle Flat Pound Pinch Shape Taste Fold |
| Materials | 3 cups sweet rice
3 cups water 1/2 cup raisins 1/2 cup toasted white sesame seeds 1/2 cup walnuts, chopped 1/2 cup pine nuts 1/2 cup dates, cut up 1 cup sweet rice flour for coating Electric rice cooker Margarine tubs of plastic containers for wetting hands Large bowl (for filling) Small plastic spoons Chugok (rice paddle) Pestle |
| Procedure | 1. Wash rice until rinse water is clear; drain well.
2. Measure rice and water; let soak one hour. 3. Cook rice in rice cooker (do not uncover for 5 to 10 minutes after cooker turns off in order that the rice may steam). 4. When rice is cooked, remove liner from the electrical unit. 5. Take pestle and pound rice until smooth. 6. Measure raisins, sesame seeds, walnuts, pine nuts, and dates, mix for filling. 7. When cool enough to handle, wet hands with water, scoop out rice with the chugok into wet hands. 8. Shape rice into a round ball and flatten into a patty. 9. Place a spoonful of the filling mix in the center of the rice patty. 10. Fold the patty over and pinch the edges to seal. 11. Coat each rice cake by rolling it in the sweet rice flour. |
| Suggested
Activities |
Serve song pyon for Korean Thanksgiving.
Refer to Korean Thanksgiving Teacher's Resource Guide for Booklet, KEYS Project, 1975. |
| Additional Information | Song pyon is prepared on the eve of Chusong (Korean Thanksgiving). The traditional way to prepare it is with rice flour, mixed with hot water. This mixture is kneaded and molded into crescent shapes and filled with kon podo (raisins). |
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Culture: Vietnamese
Summary: Cuoi is responsible for a banyan tree that helps cure sick people. When his wife throws dirty water on the tree, Cuoi holds on to the tree's roots. The tree lifts off the ground and stops on the moon where Cuoi must spend the rest of his life.
Key Words: banyan tree, opportunity, wise, cure, Hang-Nga.
Tet Trung-Thu, or the Mid-Autumn Festival in Vietnam, falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month (August), when it is believed that the moon shines the brightest. At this time, traditional moon cakes are eaten and given as gifts in honor of the moon. Scholars and poets often glorify the occasion in verse, while the youths stayed up until dawn, exchanging spirited love songs to attract the attention of the Old Man in the Moon (Nguyet Lao) and the Moon Lady (Ba Nguyet). The moon is also thought to be the home of the Great Palace of Coldness, which was once visited by Emperor Duong Minh Hoang, who reached it by way of a luminous bridge, prepared for him by a Taoist priest. Once he arrived on the moon, the Emperor was greeted by beautiful and charming fairies, who danced to enchanting music. Thus, Vietnamese families commemorate this journey by making and parading lanterns.
At Tet Trung-Thu, children make lanterns in the shape of boats, cranes, dragons, hares, unicorns and so on. In the evening, by the light of the autumn moon, candles are lit and placed inside the lanterns and paraded through the streets to the beat of drums and cymbals.
Background: The moon and its rhythm has been an integral part of the Vietnamese culture for thousands of years. Aside from the fact that the moon determines their calendar, numerous legends and folk tales have been told about the moon.
After reading the stories in this packet (or other moon myths), construct a class bar graph of students' favorite legends. Discuss the characteristics of your class graph.
Source: Almonette, Laren et al. "Exploring Moon Mythology."
Dancers: Cuoi (a boy), Miss Moon (Hang-Nga), and a group of children of three girls and three boys.
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Culture: Chinese
Summary: Nai-nai tells her American granddaughters the story of her attmpt in China to get the Moon Lady to grant her wish.
Key Words:ying/yang, moon cake, Kunning, lute, Lady Chang-O.
The Moon Festival is one of the three major festivals on the Chinese calendar. It is celebrated on the 15 day of the eighth lunar month and corresponds to the autumnal equinox at the end of September. The Moon Festival is also a time when the Chinese celebrate the birth of the moon. On this day, the moon is supposed to be the biggest and brightest full moon of the year--the harvest moon. Furthermore, it is said that on this day, the moon is furthest from the earth, the heat of the summer has given way to cool autumn weather, and farmers can relax and celebrate a good harvest, like the Canadian Thanksgiving.
On this day, the Chinese dine on moon cakes, a pastry filled dessert that is shaped like the moon. The moon cakes are usually stuffed with red bean paste and an egg yolk, or fruit and preserves. Eating moon cakes is believed to bring the person a good future and a good harvest. The festival is a public holiday filled with family reunions, moon gazing, and the eating of moon cakes.
Background The moon is an integral part of the Chinese cultures and traditions. Various legends and folk tales exist to explain the moon and the festivals.
| Materials: | Construction paper, paste or staples, crayons, rules, pencils, scissors. |
| Directions: | 1. Have children draw a design on a piece of construction
paper.
2. Fold construction paper in half lengthwise. 3. With a ruler draw lines about an inch apart. Children can draw lines using the width of the ruler as a guide. 4. Cut along the lines leaving a one inch margin at the open edges. 5. Unfold the paper and paste or staple edges together. 6. Cut a strip of paper ll inches long and glue to the inside of the Lantern for a handle. |
| Note: | Children will need assistance in steps 2, 3, and 5. |
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Culture: African
Summary: Sun and Moon build a very large house for their friend, Water, to come and visit with all his people. However, Water's people were so numerous that they took up all the space and forced Sun and Moon into the sky, where they have remained ever since.
Suggested Activities:
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Culture: South American Indians
Summary: Myths of various South American Indian tribes explain the natural world.
Suggested Activities:
Culture: Native American
Summary: This book celebrates the seasons of the year through poems from the legends of such Native American tribes as the Cherokee, Cree, and Sioux.
Suggested Activities:
| Moon: | Tribe: |
| Moon of Popping Trees | Northern Cheyenne |
| Baby Bear Moon | Potawatomi |
| Maple Sugar Moon | Anishinabe |
| Frog Moon | Cree |
| Budding Moon | Huron |
| Strawberry Moon | Seneca |
| Moon When Acorns Appear | Pomo |
| Moon of Wild Rice | Menominee |
| Moose- Calling Moon | Micmac |
| Moon of Falling Leaves | Cherokee |
| Moon When Deer Drop Their Horns | Winnebago |
| Moon When Wolves Run Together | Lakota Sioux |
| Big Moon | Abenaki |
References
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