EWS 450 - MULTIRACIAL AND HYBRID IDENTITIES


Course Description | Course Objectives | Required Texts and Readings | Recommended Texts | Student Responsibilities and Course Requirements | Evaluation Criteria | Late Papers and Plagiarism | Schedule of Topics and Readings
 

 
Course Description: Interdisciplinary exploration of the development, meaning, and sociopolitical implications of "hybridity" in constructing racial, ethnic and gender identities in U.S. society. Status and experience of 'hybrid' people, e.g. 'biracial/multiracials', examined through synthesis of anthropology, arts, history, literature, sociology, ethnic and gender studies. 2 two-hour lecture/discussions.

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Prerequisite: Completion of courses in Areas A, C (sub-areas 1 and 3, ) and D (2 and 3).

 

Course Objectives: By completing the requirements of this course, you will be able, hopefully, to achieve the following goals:

•Demonstrate familiarity with the scholarly literature on theories of racial, ethnic and gender
identity (re)production and (re)formation.

•Situate the construction of social and personal identities in their historical, political and
social contexts

•Explain how social identities are tied to status and opportunity in the U.S. and elsewhere.

•Define and explain the concepts of hybridity, creole and mestizaje in the context of identity
discourse and social practice.

•Utilize and integrate the disciplines of anthropology, history, sociology, literature, the arts,
gender and ethnic studies in the study of hybrid and "mixed" identities

•Discuss the current "mixed race" and similar movements in the U.S., and critically assess their political and economic implications.

•Propose a solution/s to the issues raised by both proponents and opponents of the "mixed race" movement with regard to census classifications, social (non) representation, cumulative racism, discrimination and affirmative action .

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Required Texts and Readings:

Winters & De Bose, New Faces in a Changing America: Multiracial Identity in the 21st Century.  (2003) Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Sage Publications.

Course packet of selected readings drawn from texts, journals, magazines and websites.

Recommended Texts:

Anzaldua, Gloria. Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza.  (Spinsters/Aunt Lute Book Co. 1987)

Arboleda, Teja. In the Shadow of Race: Growin up As a Multiethnic, Multicultural, and "Multiracial" American (NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum associates, Publishers, 1998).

Colker, Ruth. Hybrid: Bisexuals, Multiracials and Other Misfits under American Law. (1996) N.Y.: New York University Press.

Dominguez, Virginia. White By Definition: Social Classifications in Creole Louisiana.  (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers U Press, 1986)
DuBois, W.E.B. "The Concept of Race" in Dusk of Dawn: An Essay Toward an Autobiography of a Race Concept.  (N.Y.: The Library of America, 1986)
Funderburg, Lise. Black, White, Other: Biracial Americans Talk About Race and Identity.  (N.Y.: William Morrow & Co., 1994)
Herdt, Gilbert, ed. Third Sex, Third Gender.  (N.Y.: Zone Books, 1994)
McBride, James. The Color of Water: A Black Man’s Tribute to His White Mother.  (N.Y.: Riverhead Books)

Nakashima, Cynthia L. & Teresa Williams-Leon, ed. The sum of Our Parts (Temple University Press, 2001)
Root, Maria P.P., ed. The Multiracial Experience.  (Thousand Oaks, Ca.: Sage Publications, 1986)
Scales-Trent, Judy. Notes of a White Black Woman.  (Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1995)
Spickard, Paul. Mixed Blood: Intermarriage and Ethnic Identity in Twentieth Century America.  (Tuscon, AZ: U of Arizona Press, 1989)
Tizard, Barbara and Ann Phoenix, ed. Black, White or Mixed Race? Race and Racism in the Lives of Young People of Mixed Parentage.  (N.Y.: Routledge, 1995)
Vizenor, Gerald. Crossbloods: Bone Courts, Bingo and Other Reports.  (Minneapolis, MN: U of Minnesota Press, 1990)
Young, Robert. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture and Race.  (N.Y.: Routledge, 1995)
Zack, Naomi. Race and Mixed Race.  (Philadelphia: Temple U Press, 1993)
         Ed. American Mixed Race.  (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1995)

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Student Responsibilities and Course Requirements:  

 

I. ATTENDANCE:  You are expected to attend class regularly and to participate in class activities and discussions on the assigned readings and course topics.  

II. READING ASSIGNMENTS:  You should complete the reading assignments by the week or day they are scheduled for discussion. Your ability to participate effectively in class requires that you keep up with the reading assignments. You are responsible for all material covered in the assigned readings. 

III. RESPONSE PAPERS: Short one-page typed responses to assigned readings listed in the Schedule of Topics must be submitted weekly. These responses are expected to provide material for class discussions.

IV. WEBSITES: Click here for some websites related to our topic. You are required to visit these websites for information related to your research topic.   

VI. PAPERS AND PRESENTATION: You will strengthen their understanding of the course topics and readings by (1)participating in a group research project and writing/presenting an extended report, (2) writing an extended autobiographical essay.

VII. FINAL EXAMINATION: A final examination will be given to test your ability to integrate, synthesize, critique and apply the knowledge you have gained during the quarter. You will be required to answer essay-type questions on material covered in the readings, films, lectures, and class discussions.

 
Evaluation Criteria:  Excellent papers and exams will demonstrate a strong understanding of the course materials, and will reflect thoughtfulness, critical judgment, and creativity.  The writing will be clear and coherent, and the material will be well organized.  Papers will be carefully edited for grammatical and typing errors, style, and content.  All sources of information and ideas used by the student will be adequately documented using footnotes or a bibliography, or a combination of these.

The course assignments and responsibilities will be counted as follows in computing your course grade:  class attendance and participation-10%, response papers 15%, research paper/group presentation 30%, autobiographical essay 20% and the final examination - 25%.

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Late Papers and Plagiarism:

Late assignments without valid reasons will normally be penalized 5% per day, including weekends and holidays, and will not be accepted unless you speak with me beforehand.  Medical emergencies, family crises, and other problems should be brought to my attention as soon as it is practical for you to do so.  Plagiarized work will be failed, and a penalty will be applied to the course grade.  Also, the student may be reported for disciplinary action. 

 

 Schedule of Topics and Reading Assignments:

 

WEEK 1

Overview of Course: content, objectives, expected outcomes, pedagogical principles What are the meanings of popular concepts such as race, ethnicity, gender, identity,
hybrid, mestizo, creole, mulatto?
How and why do we classify people across human cultures?
How are people classified in the U.S.?
What rules (conscious and unconscious) do we use in classifying people?


Readings:

- Spickard: The Illogic of American Racial Categories.
- Lee Hotz: Is Concept of Race a Relic?

WEEK 2

What is the status and place of people who do not fit the boxes created for them in the U.S.?
What are the historical, economic, socio-political forces that shape our attitudes towards ‘hybrid’ people?
How does our treatment of ‘mixed’ people compare with other parts of the world?


Readings:

- Davis: The Hawaiian Alternative to the One-Drop Rule.
- Desfor Edles: “Race”, “Ethnicity” and “Culture” in Hawaii”: The Myth of the “Model
Minority" State (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 12).
- Reginald Daniel: Multiracial Identity in Global Perspective: The United
States, Brazil, and South Africa (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 13).

WEEK 3

What is it like to grow up ‘bi’, 'mixed', or ‘trans’ in the U.S.?
What does it feel like to live on a hyphen?
What is the difference between social identification and self-identity, if any?
What are the developmental challenges that must be faced for people of mixed origins or categories?


Readings:

- Root: Five Mixed-Race Identities, (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 1).
- Texeira, Mary: The New Multiracialism (Winters/DeBose text,
Chapter2).
- Brummett & Winters: Gang Affiliation and Self-Esteem: The Effects of
a Mixed-Heritage Identity (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 17).
- Kerwin and Ponterotto: Biracial Identity Development.

WEEK 4

Do all ethnic/racial/class groupings deal with issues of “mixture” in the same way?
What specific issues do the White, Black and Asian communities have with mixed
marriages, dating and offspring?
To what extent do they include and exclude “others”? Are some “others” more
acceptable in some groups than others? Who and why?


Readings:

- DeBose & Winters: The Dilemma of Biracial People of African.
American Descent (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 8)
- Ebony Article (7/97) Black America and Tiger’s Dilemma.
- Weisman: The Tiger and His Stripes.
- Williams-Leon: Check all that Apply: Trends and Prospective Among
Asian-Descent Multiracials (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 9).

WEEK 5

What specific issues do Latino/Chicano and Native American communities have with
mixed marriages, dating and offspring?
To what extent do these communities include and exclude “others”? Are some
“others” more acceptable in some groups than others? Who and Why?


Readings:

- Baird-Olson: Colonization, Cultural Imperialism, and the Social Construction of American Indian Mixed-Blood Identity (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 11).
- Velazco y Trianosky: Beyong Mestizaje: The Future of Race in America
(Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 10).
- Fernandez: La Raza and the Melting Pot: A Comparative Look at
Multiethnicity.

WEEK 6

How are notions about ‘mixed’ relationships and people reproduced and passed on from generation to generation?
How does the popular media shape our understanding of the world?
How are “mixed” relationships and people represented in the media, literature and the arts?


Readings:

- Streeter: The Hazards of Visibility: “Biracial” Women, Media Images,
and Narratives of Identity, (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 15).
- Po Price: Masculine Multiracial Comedians (Winters/DeBose text,
Chapter 16).
- Giles: From Melodrama to the Movie.

WEEK 7

What are some of the issues involved in interracial intimate relationships, e.g. dating, marriage, family life etc.?
What are some of the issues involved in interethnic/cultural relationships?
To what extent are they the same? Which is considered more problematic for U.S. society?
What are some of the issues involved in adoption for multiracial children?
What are some of the issues involved in transnational, trans-racial adoptions?


Readings:

- Kouri: Black/White Interracial Couples and the Beliefs that Help Them
to Bridge the Racial Divide (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 18).
- Perlman: Multiracials, intermarriage and ethnicity.
- MacGregor, Adopt, then Adapt, LA Times.
- McRoy & Iijima Hall, Transracial Adoptions.

WEEK 8

What is the bi-racial movement about?
What are the arguments for counting bi-racial people in the national census?
What are the social, economic and political implications if multiracial people are
counted?
How should this controversy be solved?


Readings:

- Morning: New Faces, Old Faces: Counting the Multiracial Population Past and Present (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 3).
- McClain DaCosta: Multiracial Identity: From Personal problem to Public Issue (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 4).
- Williams: From Civil Rights to the Multiracial Movement (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 5).
- Spencer: Census 2000, Assessments in Significance (Winters/DeBose text, Chapter 6).

WEEK 9

To what extent can the issues related to multiracialism apply to the concept of gender?
What is the status of “mixed”, trans or “bi” gendered/sexual people in our society?
To what extent is their experience different from multiracial people?
How does the status of trans and bi gendered/sexual people in the U.S. compare with
other cultural groups?


Readings:

- Nanda: Multiple Genders among North American Indians and Sex/Gender Diversity in Euro-American Cultures.

WEEK 10

How can the experiences and issues raised by “hybrid” people help us to better
understand ourselves and other people?
To what extend do the issues they raise help us to question our deep-rooted
assumptions about social identities and identification?
Will the acceptance and appreciation of interracial/cultural relationships and people
eventually lead to the end of racism and bigotry?

.
Review for Exam
Readings:

- Winters: The Multiracial Movement: Harmony and Discord
(Winters/DeBose text, Epilogue).

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