G. Sidney Silliman
Department of Political Science
Cal Poly Pomona
Photo by Timothy Treadwell
The Center for Wildlife Information's Be Bear Aware Campaign includes a wealth of information on the grizzly bear.
Can you tell the difference between a grizzly and a black bear? Take the Bear ID Test.
Bear in Mind is a digital exhibit of the history of the California grizzly from the Bancroft Library at University of California, Berkeley.
There are dozens of fun Internet sites that reveal the place of the grizzly bear in popular culture.
View the Sierra Club's Get to Know the Grizzly slide show or visit the Grizzly Bear Photo Gallery of U.S. Fish and Wildlife for images of the great bear and its habitat. Lynn Rogers' Brown/Grizzly Photo Gallery on the North American Bear Center site is worth a visit as well.
The McNeil River State Game Sanctuary: "visiting the McNeil River State Game Sanctuary is a unique wildlife experience. Nowhere else in the world can you see up to 100 wild brown bears come and go throughout the day and have the possibility of photographing a group of 40 or more bears at one time! Brown bears congregate at McNeil River during summer because the river and nearby creeks have an abundant supply of spawning salmon." The site provides information about the bears of McNeil River and how to visit the sanctuary. The webcam is fun.
Remote cameras are used in the Northern Continental Divide ecosystem to investigate the efficiency of DNA-based sampling methods. Selected videos of bears at hair traps and rub trees are posted on the web site of the Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center.
** Maps of Grizzly Bear Habitat **
For an overview of the grizzly bear ecosystems in the Continental U.S., see the map of the grizzly bear recovery ecosystems designated by the Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan. For more detail, see the individual ecosystem maps at Grizzly Bear Recovery Office.
Three maps of Montana that will help you understand linkage zones as a response to the problem of fragmented habitat: the blocks of land to be linked, a shaded relief map, and a general reference map.
The Primary Conservation Area for Grizzly Bears as defined in the Conservation Strategy for Grizzly Bears in the Yellowstone Ecosystem (2003).
The Yellowstone to Yukon habitat suitability map is a snapshot of the Y2Y ecoregion, where grizzly bears might live.
** Grizzly Bear Recovery and Conservation **
The Living with Wildlife Foundation (LWWF) is a non-profit organization assisting communities and wildlife agencies to identify sources of human/wildlife conflict and create effective, practical and affordable solutions and preventions. The LWWF web page on bear-resistant products testing is of particular interest.
The USFWS news release of March 2000 provides a summary of the proposed reintroduction of grizzly bears in the Bitterroot Ecosystem in Western Montana and Central Idaho.
The Critter Crossings web site of the Federal Highway Administration is focused on linking habitats and reducing the number of animals killed on the nation's highways through the design and construction of passages over and under highways. The site contains text and photos.
Defenders of Wildlife illustrates the efforts of environmental organizations to conserve the grizzly bear in the lower-48 states.
The Endangered Species Program web site of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is a good source of information for program activities under the Endangered Species Act, lists of endangered species, news of current happenings, and the text of the Endangered Species Act.
The grizzly bear recovery home page of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is your official window to grizzly bear recovery policy. The Yellowstone Ecosystem page includes links to the key documents relative to the recovery and delisting of the Yellowstone grizzly bear.
The revised Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan of 1993 [see the full bibliographic entry under Selected References].
Questions and answers from U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service regarding grizzly bear recovery in the Yellowstone ecosystem.
The Sierra Club's Guard the Grizzly Campaign site provides information on current issues regarding grizzly bear conservation and options for action.
Professor Silliman's table of bear mortalities between 1976 to 2002 may be accessed at Human-Caused Grizzly Bear Mortalities.
The Interagency Grizzly Bear Study Team (IGBST) conducts research that provides information needed by various agencies for immediate and long-term management of grizzly bears inhabiting the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.
The latest version of the USFWS Linkage Zone Report, Identification and Management of Linkage Zones for Wildlife Between the Large Blocks of Public Land in the Northern Rocky Mountains (July 2003), is invaluable for understanding the problem of habitat fragmentation and the potential for wildlife linkage between ecosystems with grizzly bear populations [see the full bibliographic entry under "References"].
The North Cascades Grizzly Bear Outreach Project site is a valuable link regarding grizzly bear recovery in the state of Washington.
Go to the Wild Rockies Action Fund site for a summary of the Northern Rockies Ecosystem Protection Act.
See the Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative for information regarding the Y2Y proposal.
** More Bears, Other Wildlife, and Links Of General Interest **
The Buffalo Field Campaign is working in the field to stop the slaughter and harassment of Yellowstone's wild buffalo. Volunteers from around the world defend buffalo on their traditional winter habitat and advocate for their protection.
The International Bear Association web site is a quick source of information on the eight species of bears that populate the globe.
The Federal Register is the official publication for rules, proposed rules, and notices of Federal agencies, as well as executive orders and other presidential documents.
The Florida black bear slide show by Defenders of Wildlife.
Go to the Guide to Yellowstone On-Line Videos on the Yellowstone National Park web site for videos of bears, bighorn sheep, coyotes, elk, otter, and wolves.
The Idaho Black Bear Rehab Center accepts orphaned cubs from Idaho and the surrounding Western states.
The International Bear Cub Newsletter covers bears globally, the scientists studying them, and the places bears live, all with children in mind.
Listen to the language and sounds of black bears.
Take a peak at Rascal, a young cinnamon coloured black bear, through the Live Bear Den Cam posted by the Get Bear Smart Society.
Ralph Maughan's Wildlife News is an excellent site for current information on conservation and wildlife in the Rocky Mountains.
A link from the South Dakota Division of Wildlife on the body language of moutain lions, how to "read" it and how to react.
Key documents and reports for the many U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recovery programs under the Endangered Species Act of 1973.
The web sites of the Sierra Club's Angeles and San Gorgonio Chapters. No grizzly bears, just information on current environmental issues and listings of outings in Southern California..
** Selected References **
Barringer, Mark Daniel. Selling Yellowstone: Capitalism and the Construction of Nature. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 2002.