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The American Anthropological Association
(AAA or Association) uses The Chicago Manual of Style, Webster's
Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary, and AAA style rules for all books
and journals edited and produced in-house by the AAA Publications
Department. To avoid problems of plagiarism, be sure to acknowledge
sources used in your paper, and to do this you must follow the
style of the AAA for citations and references cited. As published
by the Association, full style directions (e.g., rules for punctuation,
capitalization, etc.) are much more detailed than you need to
be concerned about here.
References
AAA Reference Style is as follows, punctuation/italics as indicated.
All references must be cited in author-date form; all author-date
citations must be referenced. Use full first names when possible
for authors and editors (but not if author goes by initials).
Use space between initials: T. S. Eliot In book reviews and other
reviews, references are handled in text instead of at end of chapter.
Use "et al." in text citations of 3 or more authors.
In References Cited, spell out all names. In in-text citations
(author/date), use colon between year and page number instead
of comma. For instance, use Waterman 1990:3-7 instead of Waterman
1990, 3-7 (exception to Chicago). Don't use state name with city
of publication unless city is obscure or there are several with
that name. Where state name is used, use two-letter postal code.
Do not use ibid. for repeated references. Place text citations
as near the author's name as possible; place quotation citations
after the quote. When citing an author, put the year in parentheses,
but when citing a work, put the year (and page numbers, if applicable)
in the running text. Newspaper names used as authors in citations
are italicized, but as authors in references they are roman. Cite
a specific volume of a referenced work by inserting the volume
number after the year (e.g., Waterman 1990, 2:3-7). If only one
volume of the work is cited in article, reference only that volume
and don't include volume number in citation.
A. Single-author book:
Castles, Stephen
1984 Here for Good. London: Pluto Press.
B. Coauthored book:
Bonacich, Edna, and John Modell
1980 The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in
the Japanese American Community. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
C. Author, with others:
Bonacich, Edna, with Mark Smith and Kathy Hunt
1980 The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in
the Japanese American Community. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
D. Multiple references in the same year:
Gallimore, Ronald
1983a xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
1983b xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.
E. Work accepted for publication:
Spindler, George
In press In Pursuit of a Dream: The Experience of Central
Americans Recently Arrived in the U.S. Stanford: Stanford
University Press.
F. Work submitted for publication, unpublished work:
Spindler, George
n.d. Education and Reproduction among Turkish Families in
Sydney. Department of Education, University of Sydney,
unpublished MS.
G. Chapter in book with editor(s):
Rohlen, Thomas P.
1981 Education: Policies and Prospects. In Koreans in Japan:
Ethnic Conflicts and Accommodation. C. Lee and George DeVos, eds.
Pp. 182-222. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Price, T. Douglas
1993 Issues in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Research. In Hunting
and Animal Exploitation in the Later Palaeolithic and Mesolithic
of Eurasia. Gail Larsen Peterkin, Harvey M. Bricker, and Paul
Mellars, eds. Pp. 241-244. Archeological Papers of the American
Anthropological Association, 4. Arlington, VA: American
Anthropological Association.
H. Editor as author:
Diskin, Martin, ed.
1983 Trouble in Our Backyard: Central America in the Eighties.
New York: Pantheon Books.
I. Article in journal (If page numbering does not continue throughout
volume, include issue number in parentheses after volume number.):
Moll, Luis C.
1986 Writing as Communication: Creating Strategic Learning
Environments for Students. Theory into Practice 25:102-108.
J. Article in journal theme issue:
Rutherford, Danilyn
1996 Of Birds and Gifts: Reviving Tradition on an Indonesian
Frontier. In Resisting Identities. Theme issue. Cultural
Anthropology 11:577-616.
K. Book in a series:
Bartlett, H. H.
1973 The Labors of the Datoe and Other Essays on the Batak of
Asakan (North Sumatra). Michigan Papers on South and Southeast
Asia, 15. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan.
L. One volume in a multivolume work:
Clutton-Brock, Juliet, and Caroline Grigson, eds.
1983 Animals and Archaeology, vol. 1. Hunters and Their Prey.
BAR International Series, 163. Oxford: British Archaeological
Reports.
M. Review:
Trueba, Henry T.
1986 Review of Beyond Language: Social and Cultural Factors in
Schooling Language Minority Students. Anthropology and Education
Quarterly 17:255-259.
N. Report:
Kamehameha Schools
1977 Results of the Minimum Objective System, 1975-1976.
Technical Report No. 77. Honolulu, HA: Kamehameha Schools,
Kamehameha Elementary Education Program.
O. Ph.D. dissertation:
D'Amato, John
1986 "We Cool, Tha's Why": A Study of Personhood and
Place in a
Class of Hawaiian Second Graders. Ph.D. dissertation, University
of Hawaii.
P. Paper:
Shimahara, Nobuo K.
1983 Mobility and Education of Buraku: The Case of a Japanese
Minority. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American
Anthropological Association, Chicago, November 18.
Q. Reprint/translation:
Gennep, A. van
1960[1908] The Rites of Passage. M. Vizedom and M. Caffee,
trans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
R. Subsequent edition:
Gallimore, Ronald
1986 Qualitative Methods in Research on Teaching. In Handbook
of
Research on Teaching. 3rd edition. M. C. Wittrock, ed. Pp. 119-162.
New
York: Macmillan.
S. Article in a newspaper or popular magazine:
Reinhold, Robert
1986 Illegal Aliens Hoping to Claim Their Dreams. New York
Times, November 3: A1, A10.
T. Personal communication (including e-mail, listserv, and newsgroup
messages):
Should be cited in text, with specific date, but not in references.
Example: "Horace Smith claims (letter to author, July 12,
1993) that . . ."
U. Court case:
Should be cited in text but not in references. Example: (Doe v.
U. Mich., 721 F. Supplement 852 [1989]). See Chicago 16.174 for
details.